摘要:

ABSTRACTStage 2 sleep is often used as the objective marker of “true” sleep. Yet, throughout the polygraphic era of sleep research, there have been incidental literature reports on the discrepancy between verbal reports of prior behavioral state and the polygraphic recordings of prior behavioral state. Two experiments used a Signal Detection Theory (SDT) framework to systematically assess the extent of this verbal report polygraphic discrepancy in 11 subjects (aged 20‐35) with no sleep‐wake complaints or demonstrable sleep‐wake pathologies. The present work used a 6‐point rating scale with the polygraphic wake state designated as the “Signal” and the polygraphic sleep state (Stage 2 and REM sleep) designated as the “Noise” or blank. The ability to differentiate between polygraphic sleep and wakefulness differed by sleep stage with the discrimination significantly less when arousal came out of Stage 2 sleep rather than out of REM sleep. There was a high false alarm rate out of both polygraphic sleep stage 2 and REM but it was significantly higher out of Stage 2.A prioriinstruction set and limited performance feedback differentially and significantly affected discrimination and bias by sleep stage. The neuro‐ and psychophysiological implications of this work are discussed in the context of current definitions of the sleep state and characteriza

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPrevious research has validated finger pulse volume (FPV) as a measure of anxiety in response to threat of physical harm. The present study evaluated FPV as a measure of anxiety in response to a social‐evaluative threat. Physiological and self‐report measures of anxiety were recorded while subjects anticipated and responded to an interview in either high or low stress conditions. Results indicated that FPV was sensitive to the stress manipulation during both periods and was correlated with self‐reported anxiety during the anticipation period. The findings were discussed in terms of FPV as a physiological index in the assessment of an

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe study documents the presence of ultradian 90‐min variations in the daytime EEG, Eight adult subjects were recorded in an isolation chamber for 8 hrs (0930‐1730). Referential frontal (F3and F4) and parietal (P3and P4) EEGs were obtained and frequency analyzed every 15 min for a duration of 100 s with eyes open. Behavioral and psychological data were also gathered. Spectral analyses showed the presence of significant 16 c/day (72‐120 min) rhythms at Kieitman's basic‐rest‐activity‐cycle (BRAC) rate in the overall EEG (4‐20 Hz) of each hemisphere. These electro‐cortical fluctuations were in phase between the two hemispheres. They peaked significantly only at the frontal sites. For individual EEG bandwidths, only right frontal theta showed a marked, though not statistically significant, ultradian rhythm at the 16 c/day frequency. Substantial 8 c/day peaks were also observed. Individual differences may have accounted for the observed variability of the intensity of this BRAC‐frequency rhythm. Subjects showing greater 90‐min rhythmicity in their EEG were in general less emotionally stable on the Eysenck neuroticism subscale and considered themselves as poorer sleepers. The present findings suggest that these 90‐min fluctuations may reflect periodic oscillations in the brains

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study examined individual differences in visceral perception as a function of cerebral lateral preference as assessed by conjugate lateral eye movements. Subjects were classified as “left movers” (i.e., right hemisphere preferent) or “right movers” (i.e., left hemisphere preferent). “Right movers” performed at chance level on a heartbeat detection task, whereas “left movers” performed significantly above chance. With knowledge‐of‐results (KOR) training all subjects showed a significant increment in performance, but the left movers maintained their superiority. These results support the hypothesis that performance on a visceral perception task may be subserved by relative activation of t

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHeart rate (HR) changes during sleep were analyzed, with the aid of a minicomputer, for a group of 20 healthy subjects. In stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, HR decreased against a background of increasing respiratory arrhythmia. REM sleep was characterized by increased HR and decreased respiratory arrhythmia. HR changes during sleep were dependent on the subject's initial autonomic HR control level. The evidence from 3 healthy subjects, who were studied under baseline conditions, propranolol (a sympatholytic agent), atropine (a parasympathetic depressant), and propranolol plus atropine, showed that the HR decrease during stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 is caused by augmented parasympathetic input. The HR increase during REM sleep is due to a reduction in parasympathetic control. The sympathetic input remains relatively constant throughout all stages of sleep, except for its decrease during stage 1.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with a computer‐aided study of heart rate (HR) control during different sleep stages in 20 healthy volunteers and 75 ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients. In healthy subjects, the parasympathetic HR control was increased and the sympathetic control decreased during stages 1, 2, 3, and 4. REM sleep was characterized by a marked decrease in parasympathetic and a slight elevation in sympathetic contribution. Typical, “reduced” and “paradoxical” HP sleep patterns (HRSPs) were observed in IHD patients. The typical HRSP was similar to that observed in healthy subjects; the reduced HRSP was characterized by HR constancy, and the paradoxical HRSP by an HR increase in stages 3 and 4, and a decrease in REM sleep. The reduced HRSP was associated with the more frequent occurrence of cardiac abnormalities during REM sleep. HR oscillations during stage 2 depended on periodic apnoea episodes and were associated with cardiac abnormalities such as more frequent heart failure and cerebral blood flow disturbances, and o

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02936.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA novel procedure was used to assess (a) the differential effects of REM and SWS on retention and (b) whether these sleep stages enhanced recall for different types of information. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, subjects were given non‐meaningful and meaningful verbal learning tasks. Learning took place either early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Following learning subjects either slept or remained awake for a 2‐hr retention interval, after which recall was assessed. Sleep for morning subjects was composed of stages 1, 2 and rapid eye movement sleep while sleep for afternoon subjects was composed of stages 1, 2 and slow wave sleep. Retention for both tasks was better following periods of sleep than following periods of wakefulness but no differences in recall were observed after REM vs. NREM

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02937.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to reconcile inconsistent results reported to date, 27 dextral males were administered two separate procedures to examine the effects of hemisphere‐specific cognitive tasks on bilateral electrodermal activity. The first procedure used arithmetic problems and slide visualizations to activate the left and right hemispheres respectively; the second procedure used aural proverbs and visualization problems. Neither procedure produced the expected electrodermal response magnitude asymmetry across tasks. While the potential effects of uncontrolled variables are discussed, these results question the robustness of the relationship between differential hemispheric activation and asymmetric electrodermal response magnitude

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY