摘要:

ABSTRACTPhysiological measures of skin resistance response, heart rate, respiration rate, and electroencephalogram (EEG) were used in a multiple discriminant analysis to differentiate a group of 10 questionnaire‐abnormalSs from a group of 30 normalSs. The questionnaire‐abnormalSs were operationally defined as reactively depressed from specified Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of the 2–4, 2–4–7 code types. The control group was operationally defined by a clinically normal MMPI profile. The method of period analysis was used to electronically transcribe the analog physiological data to digital data for computer manipulation. The depressed group was differentiated from the control group by decreased skin resistance responses, a rapid heart rate, increased respiration rate, and greater activation‐comple

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUnilateral parotid secretion was determined for 12Ss using a precision sialometer, in response to the odors of distilled water, three pleasant stimuli (vanillin, β‐phenylethanol, anethol), three unpleasant stimuli (pyridine, diethylsulfide, butyric acid), and two irritating stimuli (ethyl alcohol, ammonia). Flow rates were compared with theSs' rated intensity and affective responses to the same solutions. Flow rates were significantly higher for male than for femaleSs, with both secreting significantly more saliva in response to ammonia, ethyl alcohol, and butyric acid, as compared to water. Correlations between flow rates and degree of liking, and between flow rates and rated intensity were not significa

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWhether a conditioned vasomotor response will be a vasoconstriction or a vasodilatation appears to depend upon the thermal state at the time that the response is elicited and to be independent of what the response might have been during previous thermal states. For rabbits equilibrated to 18–20°C, the conditioned stress response tends to be a vasoconstriction. For equilibration to air temperature either higher or lower than that approximate thermal non‐regulatory range, the response tends to be a vasodilata

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTVery early auditory evoked potentials, commencing from 1 to 2 msec after stimulation, can be recorded from human scalp by averaging; they appear to be generated in the VIII nerve and brain stem structures. This study was conducted to obtain data concerning possible variations of these early auditory responses with sleep in man. Our results show little or no change in the amplitude and latency characteristics of these potentials from waking to sleep or between sleep stages. Prolonged stimulation, during waking or sleep, produced increases of latency and a tendency for decrease of amplitude. The findings were interpreted to indicate that changes in latency and amplitude of later components of auditory evoked responses during sleep occur at levels above the brain stem. They also support the view that the increased threshold for auditory arousal associated with sleep is mediated centrally rather than peripherally.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis investigation was to determine the interrelationships among circulating concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose, and “free” fatty acids ([A], [NA], [G], and [FFA], respectively) in 11 men at rest and while performing “mental” work, i.e., a visual monitoring task. They performed the task and on another occasion served in a control condition where they merely watched slide projections. Basal levels of both [A] and [NA]were inversely related to [G]. [A]increased initially during the task but later returned to its basal level. The decline in [A] paralleled performance in the task. [A]declined to below its basal level in the control condition. [NA] was not related to performance in the task. [G]and [FFA] were elevated with respect to corresponding basal levels in both the task and the control condition. The bearing of the results upon current theories of human vigilance and psychophysiological mobilization during mental work was di

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn experiment was performed to demonstrate methods for enabling subjects (Ss) to produce large magnitude heart rate (HR) changes under conditions which include adequate controls for basal HR changes and elicitation of the HR response by breathing changes. The methods used were an attempt to optimize motivational, feedback, and practice variables. Of 9Ss, 6 displayed mean HR increases ranging from 16.7 bpm to 35.2 bpm. The greatest mean HR decrease for anySwas 3.1 bpm. Control procedures indicated that breathing changes accompanying large increases in HR were not sufficient to account for the magnitude of HR change.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty pictures, rated on 22 scales, were shown to 34 males, while pupillary diameters and heart rates were recorded, to test the prediction that attention to the environment leads to sympathetic‐like dilatation and parasympathetic‐like cardiac slowing, and to study the relationships of the responses to stimulus‐attributes. The prediction was satisfied, demonstrating directional fractionation and situational stereotypy. Tonic levels changed significantly during the experiment and also showed directional fractionation. A few individuals and stimuli, however, yielded reliable pupillary constriction, demonstrating intra‐stressor stereotypy. Four factors characterized the ratings, two of which were associated with the autonomic responses. Pupillary dilatation and cardiac slowing increased as the Attention‐Interest value increased. Pupillary dilatation was greatest to pictures midway on the Pleasantness‐Evaluation factor, and greater to unpleasant than to pleasant stimuli. Cardiac slowing was linearly related to pleasantness, with unpleasant stimuli provoking the greatest slowing. The two responses were correlated less than measurement reliability would have allowed, demonstrating quantitative dissociation. When base‐corrected scores were used the correlations again were low and highly variable among subjects and stimuli, even

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis experiment is concerned with evaluating the cardiac responses of humanSs in an aversive situation. Two main conditions were investigated: Control of shock occurrence (Avoidance) and Passivity, that is,Ss were instructed to passively receive the shocks. SixtySs were used. The Avoidance condition was further divided into 3 specific groups. One group ofSs had to avoid the aversive stimulus by a proper task (depressing keys) without any certainty about the result of their action until the habitual moment of shock occurrence.Ss in a second group were provided immediate feedback from their action via a light bulb. A third group ofSs kept receiving shocks whatever they tried. After completion of 30 trials the conditions for eachSs were reversed by appropriate instructions and run for another 20 trials. A decelerative cardiac response was found in anticipation of shock forSs in the Passivity condition. In the Avoidance condition, such a deceleration was found for trials during whichSs had had a feedback of their failure to avoid (second group) and were expecting an oncoming shock. Furthermore, only theSs in Avoidance condition displayed HR acceleration after the signal onset of the ISI. Specific variations were found in the second phase of the experiment for the third group of Avoidance condition.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPP‐T0007‐0‐ABCE‐ST A computational procedure is presented which permits the measurement and averaging of physiological activity time‐locked to a preceding voluntary event (e.g., the subject's operant behavior). The method allows the assessment of activity antecedent to any event on‐line, i.e., during the course of an experiment; it may be used with any small general‐purpose laboratory computer. Applications to electroencephalographic and electromyographic data

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY