ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe parietal‐occipital EEG was recorded while subjects performed various fixation, accommodation, and tracking maneuvers with stationary and moving targets. For some experiments the target was continuously in view and independent of the EEG; in others, a feedback path connected the occurrence of parietal‐occipital alpha with the visibility of the target. The results show that alpha attenuation or blocking isnotdue to “visual attention'” but to processes of fixation, lens accommodation, and pursuit tracking. Saccadic movements were not reliably linked to alpha or alpha “blocking.'” The utility of feedback methods for testing the hypotheses that visual control processes are linked to the parietal‐occipital alpha rhythms was

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTVisual evoked responses (VERs) to slides having different emotional content were recorded in occipital, parietal, motor, and frontal cortex from mental retardates (MRs). Unpleasant stimuli produced the smallest VER amplitudes, neutral stimuli the largest, and pleasant stimuli produced VER amplitudes between unpleasant and neutral values. These results are qualitatively similar to those previously reported for normal subjects, although they occur in later VER components in the MRs.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo demonstrate operant conditioning of the human salivary response, stimulus control was attempted. Unstimulated parotid saliva was collected from 4Ss under two reinforcement schedules. Continuous reinforcement (CRF) alternated at regular intervals with differential reinforcement for zero responding (DRO)– reinforcement for non‐responding during a specified time period. Cumulative records revealed an increase in responding under CRF and a decrease in responding under DRO for 3 of the 4Ss. Swallowing was recorded. The conditioned salivary response appeared not to be mediated by muscle respo

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study investigated changes in frequency of the EEG in relation to the number of digits inputed in a test of short‐term memory. Four channels of bipolar EEGs were recorded from scalp leads over parietal and occipital areas of both hemispheres, while lists of the WISC digit span backward test were inputed. Data from 25 healthySs, who correctly recalled the 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐digit lists in reversed order, were analyzed. Findings showed no statistically significant differences in frequency of the EEGs recorded during acquisition of lists of different length. EEG frequency was significantly faster during acquisition of the lists than during a control condition in whichSsparticipated in an auditory reaction time task; but the findings were not consistent from channel t

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe experiment was designed to determine the value of measures of physiological activity as predictors of performance in a vigilance task. Subjects, for whom resting (EEG, heart rate, and skin conductance) and response (electrodermal) measures were available, were given an auditory vigilance task. Overall vigilance performance was significantly correlated with one measure of electrodermal habituation, latency of response to the first of a series of stimuli, and total number of responses to stimuli. None of the measures of resting physiological activity were significantly related to vigilance performance. The results are discussed in terms of Mackworth's (1969) theory of vigilance.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDifferences in the rate of increase of average evoked response (AER) amplitude with increasing intensity of light flash stimuli were studied in 80 male and 40 female college student volunteers. AERs to four intensities of light were recorded from the Ss and a measure of the rate of increase of AER amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity was obtained. Results from Ss tested twice, several weeks apart, showed that the slope of the amplitude intensity function was a stable individual characteristic. The observed amplitude intensity slope was greater in women than in men; vertex‐ear leads showed lower slopes than vertex‐occiput leads; subject handedness or hemisphere of lead derivation had little effect. Twenty extreme Ss, 10 individuals with the greatest slopes and 10 individuals with an actual decrease in AER amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity (negative slopes), were studied in greater detail. The amplitude‐intensity slope was more affected by the absolute intensity of the light than the interstimulus interval or habituation ef

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTForty‐eight college students, after serving as Ss in a SRR discrimination conditioning experiment, were divided into quartiles on magnitude of SRR to both noxious (UCS) and innocuous (CS) stimuli. With both orienting response (OR) measures, i.e. to the CS and to the UCS, it was shown that subjects giving large ORs gave significantly larger responses to both CS+ and CS− (during conditioning) than did Ss giving small ORs. On the basis of the innocuous stimulus split, Ss giving large ORs demonstrated both significantly faster and greater discrimination conditioning than did Ss giving small ORs. Such differences in rate and amount of discrimination conditioning were not demonstrated with the noxious stimulus split. In other words, with the noxious stimulus measure there is only a significant response level effect, but with the innocuous stimulus definition of OR, there is a significant response level effect, and a significant effect on rate and amount of discrimination conditioning. Thus, noxious and innocuous stimulus definitions of OR do not appear to be measuring the same proc

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHabituation and dishabituation of the heart rate, skin conductance, and alpha blocking components of the orienting reflex to an auditory stimulus were examined for brain‐damaged and non‐brain‐damaged Ss. The non‐brain‐damaged group displayed the expected habituation for all of these response variables but the brain‐damaged group displayed evidence of habituation only for the skin conductance measure. The brain‐damaged group also displayed higher initial skin conductance response amplitudes and smaller initial alpha blocking responses to the auditory stimulus than did the non‐brain‐damaged group. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for mechanisms of habituation and for other psychological deficits in brain

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDual recordings of single motor unit (SMU) biopotentials were made utilizing abraded skin surface and intramuscular (IM) bipolar electrode placements. Time relationships and waveform isomorphy between the recorded potentials suggest that, within limits, surface electrode recording is a useful technique for registering certain muscle action potentials when intramuscular placements are not desirable. Pen records of good resolution were obtained, to supplement oscilloscope photographs, when the physiological signal was initially recorded on magnetic tape at high speed and then played back at low speed through a standard electroencephalograph‐electromyograph oscillograp

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY