摘要:

At the Twenty‐Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, the award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology was presented to David Shapiro by Bernard Tursky, on behalf of the Society's Awards Committee. Following is the text of the citation given at the meeting on October 22, 198

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

At the Twenty‐Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, the award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology was presented to Evgeny N. Sokolov by Frances K. Graham, on behalf of the Society's Awards Committee. Following is the text of the citation given at the meeting on October 22, 198

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSubjects received exteroceptive feedback for bidirectional changes in slow cortical potentials or alpha power measured from the vertex. The slow potential group succeeded in shifting slow potentials toward negativity and positivity on feedback and transfer trials requiring these changes, after two sessions of training. Differentiation of negativity and positivity was accompanied by verbal reports of somatomotor activation that occurred on trials on which negative slow potentials were required (p<.01). Vertical and lateral eye movements, chin and frontalis electromyogram, and heart rate did not differentiate between negativity and positivity trials in the slow potential group. However, heart rate acceleration correlated between‐subjects with slow potential negativity during feedback. Although the alpha power group did not succeed at controlling changes in alpha, evidence of a training effect appeared in verbal reports of emotional arousal (p<.05) and focused vision (p<.08) on alpha suppression trials in this group. We discuss the findings from the viewpoint that biofeedback tasks involving electrocortical responses are problems in the organization of action that subjects seek to solv

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01941.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the effects of visual‐spatial orienting on selective neural processing in boys with learning disabilities. Twenty‐seven 8–12 year old boys were classified into four groups depending on whether or not they had a reading disability or attention deficit disorder. Event‐related potentials were recorded over the left and right occipital, central, and frontal cortical regions. The behavioral task required the subjects 1) to rapidly switch their attention from the center to the periphery of the visual field (spatial component), and 2) to selectively respond to a target versus a nontarget flash when the target was presented in the relevant visual field (nonspatial component).The amplitude of two ERP components was enhanced in response to relevant as compared to irrelevant stimuli. The enhancement of an early negative occipital‐central component, which peaked 180–200 ms following targets (N1), indicated that selective neural processing associated with spatial attention could be switched in 600 ms. This enhancement of N1 was greater in boys with than without a reading disability, which implies that reading disability is associated with enhanced spatial attention. The enhancement of a later positive component, which peaked 300–340 ms following targets (P3), suggested that nonspatial target selection was reduced in boys with a reading disability, particularly over the left occipital hemisphere. Target relevance and reading disability also influenced trial‐to‐trial variability in the ERP waveform. The effects of reading disability on event‐related potentials did not vary as a function of attention deficit disorder, indicating that these two d

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInfants were studied at 14, 20, and 26 weeks of age in a longitudinal design. They were presented with varying and complex patterns on a TV screen. Two‐thirds of the presentations were accompanied by a stimulus in the periphery delayed in time from the onset of fixation on the central stimulus. As in previous research, the infants were not as easily distracted by the interrupting stimulus when the presentation occurred at the point of maximal heart rate deceleration as when the presentation occurred at the end of the heart rate response. Infants with large amounts of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (i.e., heart rate variability) in a baseline recording were less distractible during the deceleration‐defined trials than were infants with low amounts of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Intra‐individual patterns of development in respiratory sinus arrhythmia over the testing ages were closely paralleled by patterns of heart rate responding during sustained attention. Individual differences in baseline levels of heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were more stable than individual differences in sustained attention. The stability of attention responses over age may be mediated by the stability of the physiological system (e.g., heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, etc.), and by the within‐age relation of attention to heart rate vari

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01945.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe modulation of event‐related potentials by word repetition was investigated in two experiments. In both experiments, subjects responded to occasional nonwords interspersed among a series of words. A proportion of the words were repetitions of previously presented items. Words were repeated after 0 or 6 intervening items in Experiment 1 and after 6 or 19 items in Experiment 2.Event‐related potentials to repeated words were characterised by a sustained, widespread positive‐going shift with an onset of approximately 300 ms. This effect did not vary significantly as a function of lag in either experiment. When words were repeated immediately, this repetition‐evoked positive shift was preceded by a transient negative deflection (onset ca. 200 ms) which was absent in event‐related potentials to words repeated at longer lags.These results suggest that the modulation of event‐related potentials by word repetition is influenced by at least two processes. One of these processes acts relatively early during the processing of a repeated word, but subsides rapidly as inter‐item lag between first and second presentations increases. The second process occurs later in time, but is considerably more robust over variations in i

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY