摘要:

ABSTRACTThe auditory evoked response (AER) to unpredictable stimuli was studied in 18Ss. 100 msec sound bursts consisting of either a pure tone or white noise were presented every sec. One type of stimulus constituted the frequent expected stimulus and the other the infrequent stimulus that occurred as a random substitution. For the low probability (LP) stimulus condition, the mean ratio of infrequent to frequent was 1:30; for the intermediate probability (IP), 1:15; and for the high probability (HP), 1:7.5.Ss were instructed to ignore the sounds.The amplitude of a late positive wave (P3) of the AER was largest in the LP and smallest in the HP condition. There was a general decrease of all AER components over the course of a session. No evidence of dishabituation in the AER to the stimuli following the infrequent stimuli was obtained. The results of a detailed analysis of two orbital leads make it unlikely that eye movement or eye blink could account for the results.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect on contingent negative variation (CNV) of varying the difficulty of obtaining reaction time (RT) feedback and the relationship of CNV and RT were studied. Subjects (Ss) were run in a reaction‐time‐foreperiod experiment with 4 conditions of varying RT feedback duration. Subjective reactions to the experiment were recorded bySs on a questionnaire and were divided by the experimenters into two highly significant sets of mean CNVs based on the most “positive’ and most “negative’ responses to the conditions. CNVs and their associated RTs were analyzed, and a significant rank order correlation over allSs showed there was a trend for individuals with faster RTs to have larger CNVs. Individual correlations were low and highly variable. Only the very slowest RTs were associated with small CNVs. The failure of explicit RT feedback to have any effect upon CNV amplitude is in agreement with previous studies, and the significant association of CNV amplitude with written reactions ofSs might prove a useful tool for further CNV analysis. The RT data indicated that CNVs and RTs reflect relatively independent functions and that very slow RTs may reflect qualitative changes inS's psychological state which affect both RT and CNV; and such trials might appropriately be eliminated from CNV da

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty‐sixSs, informed about the contingencies, were given differential SCR training with 3 different signals: CS+, CS−, and a signal which was random with respect to UCS occurrence. UCSs occurred randomly between trials and during random signal trials, were correlated with CS+ presence, and were absent during CS−. Employing nonspecific response frequency and amplitude, as well as responding during random signal trials, as baselines for comparison, evidence for both inhibitory and excitatory influences was obtained. The pattern of these influences was such as to question the proposition that a CS+ acquires general excitatory properties and a CS− acquires general inhibitory pro

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTElectroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded in a group of 37 normal boys aged 92–206 months during performance of a word‐association task.Ss were instructed to say the first word that came to mind, as quickly as possible, following presentation of each of 18 stimulus words that were familiar to young children. Word‐association latency, or the associative reaction time (RT), was analyzed only for trials in which a stimulus word evoked the same response word. Younger children were found to have significantly longer associative RTs than older children, with associative RT decreasing with increasing age according to a reciprocal power‐law function. Comparison of this function with similar functions relating simple and disjunctive RT to age, suggested that the longer word‐association latencies of children could not be attributed merely to developmental differences in non‐verbal processes or processes concerned primarily with speed of responding. Sufficient EEG data for analysis were available for only 5 of the stimulus‐response word combinations, and for these data, average EEG period from the left hemisphere was significantly different from (longer than) EEG period from the right hemisphere. Results of a partial‐correlation analysis showed that left‐hemisphere differences in EEG period betweenSs can account, in part, for the relationship between associative RT and age, while right‐hemisphere differences in EEG period cannot. Although this suggested a hypothesis which ascribes the long word‐association latencies of young children to age‐associated differences in EEG period of the left hemisphere, ev

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn order to study the role of central factors in controlling autonomic arousal, hospitalized control, brain‐damaged, and alcoholic patients were tested for responsivity to the cold pressor test. During the last 30 sec of a 1 min immersion, half of theSs were given a motor task consisting of 12 reaction time trials. The dependent variable was the cutaneous vasomotor response measured by a plethysmograph. Hospital controls showed strong rebound tendencies on recovery and well‐modulated responses during immersion. The brain‐damaged had plethysmograph responses which after immersion showed little or no tendency to recover. Alcoholics manifested intermediate tendencies. Hospital controls who received the motor task during immersion had a reduction in response whereas brain‐damagedSs in the same condition showed increased response. Also noted were two distinctly different plethysmograph response profiles to the cold pressor: vasodilation and vasoconst

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSkin conductance level (SCL) and skin resistance response (SRR) latency to a foreperiod warning light were shown to be related to a measure of simple reaction time performance. Other physiological measures monitored immediately prior to the task were not related to performance nor were they interrelated. Speculation is offered on the possible mechanism whereby a central facilitation system is related to SRR latency and to performance.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPP‐T0006‐0‐I A survey of computer utilization amongPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGYsubscribers is reported. Of 170 respondents, 73% have present access to one or more computers, and 17% expect access in two to five years. Computer users are analyzed with respect to their primary fields of interest, the physiological variables they are measuring, their choice of equipment, and their software development resources including access to programmers. Attitudes of users regarding the importance of the computer for their work, and its impact on their choice of research problems are described. Five year projections are given, revealing the strong trend to real‐time small computers and the growing software shortage among present users. Respondents generally favored a systematic exchange of programs amon

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Rwelfth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research was held at the Hotel Sheraton‐Plaza in Boston, Massachusetts, November 9, 10, 11, and 12, 1972. Members of the Program Committee were: B. M. Shmavonian, Ph. D., Chairman; Rachel Clifton, Ph. D.; and Lyle Miller, Ph. D.Following are the abstracts of papers presented during the meeting, and of additional acceptable ones for which there was no room in the meeting program (read by title only

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA questionnaire was sent to members of the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR) in order to determine the nature and direction of education in the field of psychophysiology. The results revealed that a number of academic institutions are offering formal courses in psychophysiology at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. A brief description of the general course outlines and laboratory requirements is presented. The need for increased communication with respect to educational processes was expressed by many respondents. It is suggested that a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning education in psychophysiology should be available at the annual SPR meeting.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY