摘要:

AbstractA controlled, randomized, double‐blind trial in 1,083 homosexual men from New York confirmed that a highly purified, formalin‐inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B prepared from HBsAg positive plasma, is safe immunogenic, and highly efficacious. Over 95% of vaccinated subjects developed antibody against the surface antigen. Vaccine‐induced antibody persisted for the entire 24‐month follow‐up period. The attack rate of all hepatitis B virus infections (excluding conversions of anti‐HBc alone) was 3.2% in vaccine recipients compared with 25.6% in placebo recipients (p<0.0001). In those who received all three doses of vaccine, of 40 μg each, the protective efficacy rate was close to 100%. The vaccine protects against acute hepatitis B, asymptomatic infection, and chronic antigenemia. There is reason to assume that the vaccine is also partially effective when given

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010502

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera and liver biopsies from 30 Italian patients, carriers of HBsAg for at least 3 years, were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by serological assays and immunofluorescence. Biopsies were analyzed for HBcAg, HBsAg, and δ antigen by immunofluorescence; sera were assayed for HBsAg/anti‐HBs, HBcAg/anti‐HBc, HBeAg/anti‐HBe, δ/anti‐δ, HBV‐specific DNA polymerase activity and the presence of HBV DNA. HBcAg, HBeAg, and DNA polymerase tests were positive in the sera of 71, 86, and 57%, respectively, of carriers with intrahepatic HBcAg. HBV DNA was detected in 100% of patients expressing HBcAg in the liver with a strong correlation between the concentration of serum DNA and the intensity of HBcAg immunofluorescence in the liver. HBV DNA was detected in the sera of 63% of carriers with intrahepatic δ where the other markers of HBV replication (HBeAg, DNA polymerase) were undetectable. The assay for serum HBV DNA appears to be an excellent noninvasive method for detecting active replication of HBV in H

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010503

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectron microscopic observations in 30 cases of HBsAg positive liver disease and 12 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg suggested the following mechanism of intracellular development of Dane particles: core particles migrated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. Intracytoplasmic core particles protruded into the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum by budding the outer coat of Dane particles being derived from the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. Release of Dane particles into the blood stream by reversed pinocytosis was suggested by the finding of submembranous localization of endoplasmic reticulum containing these particles. No budding from the cell surface of the hepatocytes was encountered. Dane particles in the hepatocytes were detected in 14 of 15 cases positive for serum HBeAg while no particles were seen in 27 HBeAg negative cases, thus suggesting that serum HBeAg reflected ongoing replication of hepatitis B virus in the hepatocytes.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010504

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe staff and patients in hemodialysis units have the greatest hospital risk of acquiring hepatitis B (HB) infection. We followed the patients of two dialysis nurses in two different dialysis units. One nurse dialyzed 19 patients a total of 50 times during the prodrome of acute HB. The second nurse was a known, asymptomatic carrier of HBsAg who was also HBeAg(+) and anti‐HBc(+). Over a 2‐year period, she dialyzed 30 patients a total of 742 times. Neither group of patients showed evidence of having acquired HB, suggesting that the risk of HB transmission from staff to patient is low even in the high‐risk setting of a dialysis unit and a presumably highly infectious HBeAg(+) chronic carrier. In our study, the risk in this latter setting was less than 0.0040 (binomial probability p<00.05). The data do not support restricting care of patients by health workers who are chronic carriers of the

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010505

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndotoxin is known to cause a dose‐dependent impairment of hepatic bile secretion, organic anion excretion, and activity of Na+, K+‐activated ATPase. Since it is possible that this impaired excretory function is a result of direct interaction of endotoxin with hepatocytes, we examined: (a) the excretion of endotoxin into bile, and (b) its association with an hepatocyte‐enriched, Kupffer cell‐depleted population of liver cells.Escherichia coli0127:B8 endotoxin (17 to 54 μg per 100 gm body weight) was given i.v. to male Sprague Dawley rats and bile collected up to 48 hr. The expected significant decrease in bile secretion was seen, confirming the biological effectiveness of the endotoxin. Endotoxin was quantitated by a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method which detects the β‐hydroxymyristic acid in the lipid A moiety of endotoxin. Approximately 7% of the administered dose of endotoxin was recovered as β‐hydroxymyristic acid in bile in the 48 hr following injection. Approximately two thirds of the administered dose of endotoxin was recovered as β‐hydroxymyristic acid in the whole liver. Further analysis of the β‐hydroxymyristic acid in bile and liver by Folch extraction and thin‐layer chromatography was performed. The β‐hydroxymyristic acid in bile was associated with polar and nonpolar metabolites of endotoxin. The β‐hydroxymyristic acid recovered in the liver distributed similarly in Folch extraction to intact endotoxin addedin vitro.Endotoxin quantitated as β‐hydroxymyristic acid was measured in whole liver homogenate and hepatocyte‐enriched preparations 3 hr following i.v. administration. The mass abundance by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of β‐hydroxymyristic acid per 106hepatocytes was similar in crude liver homogenate and the hepatocyte‐enriched fractions indicating the presence of substantial amounts of β‐hydroxymyristic acid in association with parenchymal liver cells. Thus, our studies indicate that the bulk of the β‐hydroxymyristic acid of endotoxin given i.v. to rats is found in hepatocytes in a form suggesting minimal degradation of the endotoxin. A small proportion of the β‐hydroxymyristic acid associated with the endotoxin in the liver is then released slowly into bile as a complex mixture

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010506

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatoma cells isolated from rats after administration of a carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine, and propagated in culture, contained a genetically stable cytoskeletal abnormality resembling Mallory bodies. These juxtanuclear aggregates of intermediate‐sized filaments were maintained in carcinomas produced in nude mice after inoculation of uncloned mass cultures and a cloned subculture. Paraffin and frozen sections of these tumors revealed acentric nuclei and a glassy hyalin‐type cytoplasmic lesion which stained pink with hematoxylin‐eosin and blue with Mallory's aniline blue stain. The cells in culture and in the tumor sections were strongly positive for γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase. Cryostat sections examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with antisera to purified bovine hoof prekeratin, desmosome‐associated tonofilaments from bovine muzzle, and murine vimentin, as well as transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of juxtanuclear aggregates of intermediate‐sized filaments. All characteristics previously reported for the tissue culture cell line were stably maintained in the tumor tissue. These results suggest that the Mallory body‐containing cells frequently observed in man in alcoholic hepatitis and other degenerative liver diseases could, under appropriate environmental “promoting” conditions, be precursor cells in focal hepatocellular c

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010507

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn consideration of the vast prevalence of schistosomiasis and heavy alcohol consumption in many parts of the world, the possibility of an interaction between these two conditions inducing liver disease was studied in mice infected withSchistosoma mansoni. Alcohol consumption significantly reduced by 25% the mean granuloma diameter and by about 60% the extent of fibrous tissue deposition determined chemically as hydroxyproline. DNA, as an expression of the inflammatory and cellular components of the granulomatous reaction in the infected animals, was also significantly reduced by alcohol consumption. These results indicate the need for epidemiological studies in the clinical manifestations and course of schistosomiasis in human alcoholics.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010508

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was performed as an initial step in systematically defining the hepatic interactions between ethanol and opioids using a controlledin vitrosystem. The acute effects of ethanol on the initial uptake and distribution of long‐ and short‐acting narcotics were studied using isolated rabbit liver perfused with rabbit blood without or with ethanol. A pulse injection of 1.5 mg of14C‐labeled narcotic [methadone, 1‐α‐acetylmethadol (LAAM), morphine, or meperidine] was made into the portal vein cannula followed by perfusion for 2 min. Radioactivity was determined in liver homogenates and subcellular fractions; methadone and its metabolites were measured by thin‐layer chromatography with zonal scanning in each fraction. Ethanol preperfusion and concomitant ethanol perfusion did not effect hepatic uptake of methadone, LAAM, morphine, or meperidine. Although subcellular localization of morphine and meperidine differed from that of methadone and LAAM, perfusion with ethanol did not alter the acute hepatic uptake and distribution of any of the narcotics. These findings suggest that acute exposure to ethanol does not alter the acute hepatic disposition

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010509

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe insulinoprivic influence of acute severe streptozotocin diabetes on liver regeneration in rats was evaluated by determining liver weights as well as hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functional capacities. Functional capacities were assessed by bromosulfophthalein uptake for hepatocytes and carbon phagocytosis for Kupffer cells. Evaluation immediately after partial hepatectomy revealed a 66% reduction of liver mass, a 63% decrease in hepatocyte bromosulfophthalein removal, and a 65% decline in Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. Per cent recovery at 48‐hr posthepatectomy was considerably greater for carbon phagocytosis than for bromosulfophthalein removal by regenerating livers. This apparent difference in functional recovery was likely due in part to enhanced non‐Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. No significant differences of the three regeneration indices were noted for untreated streptozotocin‐diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic animals. However, insulin administration to fasted streptozotocin diabetics significantly stimulated liver regeneration above that of untreated fasted rats and almost equivalent to that of pair‐fed animals. Fasted rats had in general slower liver regeneration than pair‐fed animals as expected. Furthermore, insulin administration to fasted nondiabetic rats after partial hepatectomy caused severe hypoglycemia and resulted in a further depression of liver reg

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010510

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA Histology Activity Index has been developed which generates a numerical score for liver biopsy specimens obtained from patients with asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Biopsies are graded in four categories: periportal necrosis, intralobular necrosis, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Under code, three pathologists and three hepatologists evaluated 14 liver biopsy specimens obtained from five patients with asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Good correlation was seen between severity of liver biopsy lesions as judged by conventional histological descriptions and Histology Activity Index scores. Significant differences in Histology Activity Index score occurred in only 2 of 28 duplicate scorings of biopsy specimens by two observers. This system provides definitive endpoints for statistical analysis of serial changes in liver histology and offers an alternative to the use of conventional pathological descriptions in following the natural history and treatment responses of asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840010511

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY