摘要:

AbstractRats were exposed to carbon tetrachloride vapor, 5 days/wk, 6 hr/day, for periods of 5 or 10 wk at a concentration that by itself caused only fatty change with minimal liver cell necrosis and no fibrosis. The same carbon tetrachloride exposure when given in association with chronic alcohol feeding resulted in extensive hepatic fibrosis at 5 wk and established micronodular cirrhosis at 10 wk. The periodicity of the exposure profile was chosen to simulate that of human exposure to environmental toxins, albeit at a higher dose than would be permitted in the workplace. The development of significant liver injury in this animal model raises the possibility that some chronic liver injury in humans may be due to alcohol potentiation of other hepatotoxins present in the environment at subtoxic levels. (HEPATOLOGY1991;13:815–819

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130502

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHLA class I antigen expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated by flow cytometry in 21 HBeAg‐positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. Measurements were made before, during or after treatment with recombinant interferon‐α‐2b, either given alone or after a 6 wk course of prednisone. Immunohistochemical staining for human leukocyte class I antigen was also evaluated in 28 percutaneous liver biopsy specimens either obtained before or after therapy (N = 27) and during therapy in one instance. The amount of HLA class I antigen on peripheral blood mononuclear cells varied markedly among individual patients, but the overall results indicated that the level of inducible antigen did not correlate with increments of ALT during therapy or with a virological response to therapy. Hepatocyte staining for HLA class I antigen was observed in a minority of biopsy specimens (29%) and also did not appear to predict a response or correlate with the severity of histological disease. These data do not support current theories concerning pathogenetic mechanisms in chronic hepatitis B nor do they suggest that spontaneous display of HLA class I antigen on hepatocytes or interferon‐induced expression of these antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a critical determinant for a response to therapy. (HEPATOLOGY1991;13:

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130503

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractT cells can be divided into two main phenotypic subpopulations–i.e., the CD45RA‐positive (2H4‐positive) “naive” subset and the CD45RO‐positive (UCHL1‐positive) “memory” subset.In light of this recent functional reinterpretation of T‐lymphocyte subpopulations, we reinvestigated the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in liver biopsy specimens from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. In normal liver, the few scattered mononuclear cells present in portal tracts and in the intralobular parenchyma consisted of both CD45RA‐positive (2H4‐positive) naive and CD45RO‐positive (UCHL1‐positive) memory T cells. In inflammatory liver diseases, portal tract and periportal and intralobular areas of inflammation consisted virtually only of CD45RO‐positive (UCHL1‐positive) memory T cells, which strongly expressed the CDw29 (4B4) antigen, and the adhesion molecules LFA‐1, CD2, LFA‐3, CD44 and VLA‐4 and the activation marker human leukocyte antigen‐DR.These results indicate that activated memory T cells represent the predominant subpopulation of lymphocytes in areas of liver inflammation. Memory T cells strongly express various homing receptors and adhesion molecules, which probably allow them to accumulate at inflammatory sites and to strengthen interaction with target cells. Furthermore, the increased number of memory T cells with enhanced interferon‐γ production in areas of liver inflammation may contribute to the maintenance and up‐regulation of immune responses occurring in inflammatory

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130504

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among Chinese subjects in Taiwan was evaluated using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. The overall prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus was 0.28% among 1,419 healthy subjects, 0.8% among 500 unselected paid blood donors and 0.4% among 793 pregnant women. The three offspring of the mothers positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus were all found to be positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus at birth but all became negative by the age of 6 mo. Among healthy subjects, none of 1,000 school children and young adolescents had antibody to hepatitis C virus. Among patients in selected “high‐risk” groups, antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 100% of 9 hemophiliac patients who were positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus, in 53% of 115 intravenous drug abusers, in 34.4% of 96 hemodialysis patients and in 15.8% of 19 homosexual men who were positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. Only 7.1% of 196 prostitutes, 5.9% of 34 spouses of patients positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus and 0.5% of 201 brothelgoers had antibody to hepatitis C virus. These findings suggest that hepatitis C virus is transmitted mainly by the parenteral route in Taiwan. Transmission from mother to infant is not an important mode of spread of hepatitis C virus. (HEPATOLOGY1991;13:830

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130505

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree‐hundred forty‐one HBsAg‐positive family members of 152 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (47 asymptomatic carriers, 59 with chronic hepatitis, 17 with cirrhosis and 29 with hepatocellular carcinoma) were prospectively studied to determine the morbidity and mortality from chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the family members of patients with malignant and nonmalignant hepatitis B virus–related chronic liver diseases. Most of the family members had no history of acute hepatitis, were asymptomatic and were unaware of their carrier status. However, 5.3% had stigmata of chronic liver disease, 6% had serum ALT levels that exceeded two times the upper limit of normal and 78% of those who had biopsies had chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis.During a follow‐up period of 12 to 90 mo (median = 39 mo), 3% had symptoms of chronic liver disease; 24% had transient, recurrent or persistent elevation in serum ALT levels, 1.4% had cirrhosis and 1% had hepatocellular carcinoma. Neither hepatocellular carcinoma in the index patient nor a previous history of hepatocellular carcinoma in the family was associated with an increase in the morbidity and mortality from chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the HBsAg‐positive family members. (HEPATOLOGY1991;

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130506

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been proposed that in the human liver, the estrogen receptor gene may become inappropriately expressed as a consequence of HBV integration, contributing to cell transformation. This study was undertaken to examine estrogen receptor status in patients with hepatitis B virus infection and to analyze the expression of progesterone receptor and of a heatshock 27,000‐D protein (hsp27), both of which are estrogen regulated in estrogen target tissues. Receptor proteins were detected in liver biopsy specimens by immunocytochemistry using antireceptor monoclonal antibodies; a monoclonal antibody was also used to detect hsp27. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were mainly seen in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The presence of hepatitis B virus infection did not always result in elevated estrogen receptor expression, but in general the expression of this receptor protein was higher in hepatitis B virus–positive patients than in patients with the same pathological findings (hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma) but without hepatitis B virus. This was more clearly seen in the patients with hepatitis. Although estrogen receptor expression was moderate to high in many samples, the expression of the two biochemical markers of estrogen action at postreceptor levels (progesterone receptor and hsp27) was low or absent in most of the liver tissues examined, suggesting that in the liver the interaction of estrogen–estrogen receptor–DNA has characteristics inherent to this tissue. (HEPATOLOGY1991;13:8

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130507

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been postulated that hepatocyte injury resulting from infection with hepatitis D virus may be caused by a direct virus cytotoxicity in contrast to immune‐mediated injury associated with hepatitis B virus. We have transfected HeLa and HepG2 continuous cell lines with a recombinant plasmid containing the hepatitis D antigen gene under the inducible control of the human metallothionein promoter. The addition of zinc to the cell culture medium then led to the expression of hepatitis D antigen associated with, in the short term, a significant reduction in the rate of RNA but not DNA synthesis and, in the longer term, cell death. The necrotic cells had pyknotic nuclei and shrunken eosinophilic cytoplasm; these necrotic cells resembled the apoptotic bodies seen in hepatitis D virus–related hepatitis. The level of hepatitis D antigen in individual cells that produced these changes was similar to the level of hepatitis D antigen in hepatocytes from a chimpanzee with acute hepatitis D virus infection. We conclude that the expression of hepatitis D antigen resulted in significant cytotoxic changes in these cells, providing strong support for the view that hepatitis D antigen may be specifically cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes in vivo. (HEPATOLOGY1991;13:845

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130508

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe found that the binding of125I‐low‐density lipoprotein to fetal liver low‐density lipoprotein receptor rose progressively with the increase in fetal age. During this period, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels in fetal serum declined significantly. The correlation coefficients between fetal age and concentration of serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were −0.80 (p<0.001) and −0.77 (p<0.001), respectively. A significant inverse correlation also existed between the liver low‐density lipoprotein receptor activity and the serum total cholesterol (r = −0.96, p<0.001) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.95, p<0.001) but not high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. It is suggested that the low‐density lipoprotein receptors in human fetal liver may play a key role in the regulation of the serum cholesterol levels during gestation.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130509

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between esophageal varices and the azygos vein, which is generally considered to drain the major part of the variceal blood flow, was evaluated by percutaneous transhepatic cineportography in 35 patients with portal hypertension. We classified the patients into three groups. Those patients in whom most of the variceal blood drained into the azygos vein were designated the azygos‐type group (n = 18). Those in whom most of the blood flowed into the brachiocephalic venous system were defined as the cervical‐type group (n = 5), and those in whom the varices were drained by both the azygos vein and the brachiocephalic venous system were called the combined‐type group (n = 12).Highly developed esophageal varices were recognized endoscopically in all patients in the combined‐type and cervical‐type groups, whereas some of the patients in the azygos‐type group had less well‐developed varices. In the azygos‐type group, a tendency for the varices to be more severe as their drainage into the azygos vein became more cephalad was noted. Evaluation of the drainage of esophageal varices was considered useful not only for obtaining full comprehension of the significance of the azygos vein but also for assessing the suitability for sclerotherapy. Percutaneous transhepatic cineportography was useful for this purpose because it enables visualization of even the most minute amounts of blood flow. (HEPATOLOGY19

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130510

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate serum sex hormone profiles in nonalcoholic postmenopausal women with liver disease, 25 women with primary biliary cirrhosis (11 in cirrhotic stage) and 46 healthy controls were studied.The patients had significantly (p<0.05) elevated serum concentrations of estrone and androstenedione and significantly (p0.05) between primary biliary cirrhosis patients and controls. Patients in the cirrhotic stage had significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin than did controls.Patients in the cirrhotic stage had significantly (p<0.05) higher sex hormone binding globulin and estrone sulfate levels compared with noncirrhotic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Otherwise, no significant differences were observed between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients.The observed changes in steroid concentrations may be a consequence of hepatic dysfunction. (HEPATOLOGY1991;1

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840130511

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY