摘要:

AbstractIn the present study, we report on alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein patterns in three separate populations of alcoholic patients, one without liver damage (Group I), a second presenting steatosis or mild alcoholic hepatitis or both (Group II) and a third with alcoholic cirrhosis (Group III), using a healthy, normolipidemic, nonalcoholic group as controls (Group C). Total plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in Groups II and III when compared with Groups I and C, while the ratio of esterified to free cholesterol was considerably lower in Group III than in the other groups. Plasma apo‐AI levels were higher in Groups I and II than in Group C, but varied over a wide range in Group III. Apo‐AII was present at higher concentrations in Groups I and II than in both Groups III and C. In contrast, no significant differences were detected in total apo‐B levels, irrespective of the group. Modifications in the chemical composition of plasma lipoproteins primarily concerned a reduction in the cholesteryl ester content of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group III, this being compensated by a reciprocal increase in triglyceride. In addition, Group III lipoproteins, with the exception of HDL3 (density 1.100 to 1.140 gm per ml), exhibited a greater content of phospholipids than those of corresponding density from patients in Groups I and II. No significant differences were found in very low‐density lipoprotein concentrations, while LDL levels increased in parallel with the severity of liver injury. In Groups I and II, HDL2 concentrations were elevated relative to Group C, while HDL3 decreased in parallel with the degree of impairment of liver function and thus from Group C to Group III. Such opposing tendencies led to an HDL2:HDL3 ratio which was more than 5‐fold higher than normal in Group III.The distribution of apoprotein B in the ultracentrifugal subfractions revealed no significant modification between the different groups. By contrast, in Groups I and II, apo‐AI and apo‐AII levels increased consequent to higher concentrations of HDL2. Our data suggest that abnormal HDL particles preferentially enriched in apo‐AII and possibly apo‐AI were present in Group I, while the lowest levels of both apo‐AI and apo‐AII were seen in Group III.No simple association is evident between a well‐defined plasma lipid, lipoprotein and/or apolipoprotein profile and chronic alcoholism in the presence or absence of liver injury. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that measurement of the absolute concentrations and ratio of HDL2 and HDL3, as well as of the levels and ratio of apo‐AI and apo‐AII in these subclasses, may permit differentiation of certain of the subpopulations of chro

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040401

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatic glutathione turnover and the efflux of glutathione from the liver into bile and blood were measured in male Sprague‐Dawley ratsin vivo.In fed rats the efflux of glutathione into blood, calculated from the hepatic arteriovenous concentration gradient and hepatic blood flow, amounted to 12.4 ± 1.4 nmoles min.gm liver. Together with the excretion of glutathione into bile (3.4 ± 0.4 nmoles per min.gm liver) total efflux accounted for the hepatic turnover of glutathione of 15.2 ± 0.9 nmoles per min.gm liver. Fasting animals for 48 hr markedly increased hepatic glutathione turnover to 26.4 ±1.2 nmoles per min‐gm liver. Increased efflux into blood rather than increased intrahepatic catabolism accounted for this increased turnover. The systemic clearance of glutathione was 3.22 ± 0.51 ml per min 100 gm body weight. The efflux of glutathione from liver therefore was calculated to contribute over 90% of total glutathione inflow into the circulation, as determined from the clearance and the arterial concentration of glutathione. Thus, the liver is the major source of plasma glutathione, and turnover of hepatic glutathione in the basal state is accounted for almost entirely by efflux of glutathione from the liver. During fasting, the plasma clearance of exogenous glutathione increased to 5.32 ± 0.35 ml per min‐100 gm body weight, and the utilization of methionine for glutathione synthesis increased markedly. The increased extrahepatic catabolism during fasting results in a decrease in plasma glutathione, which in turn may account for the observed increase in sinusoidal glutathione efflux with concomitant stimulation of the rate of hepatic glutathione turnover and of synthesis. By utilizing methionine for glutathione synthesis, the liver thus is able to make more cysteine available to other organs when dietary sources of cysteine ar

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040402

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGuinea pig nonparenchymal hepatic cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and subsequent separation on a 17.5% metrizamide gradient. Endothelial cell and Kupffer cell‐enriched fractions were separated by centrifugal elutriation. Viability of both cell fractions was approximately 80%. Endothelial cells were cultured on a substratum of guinea pig liver collagen and 1% gelatin (1:1). Freshly isolated and cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells contained Factor VIII R:antigen, angiotensin I converting enzyme activity, and they synthesized prostaglandins characteristic of other endothelial cells. Sieve plates were identified in both freshly isolated and cultured cells. Fresh endothelial cells and Kupffer cells formed Fc receptor‐mediated rosettes with IgG‐opsonized sheep red blood cells, but cultured endothelial cells did not. Only Kupffer cells demonstrated Fc and C3 receptor‐mediated phagocytosis. These methods for isolating and culturing sinusoidal endothelial cells should permit further functional assessment of endothelial cells and their interrelationship with other sinusoidal linin

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040403

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman hepatitis B‐like viruses have been found in several animal species, including Chinese ducks. Sera from Chinese carrier ducks which were positive for duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were inoculated in 33 Japanese one‐day‐old ducklings. The same sera were inoculated in four 3‐week‐old ducklings, and three 3‐month‐oId ducks. Ten uninoculated ducklings served as controls. Hepatitis B e‐antigen positive human sera and DNA polymerase‐positive woodchuck sera were also inoculated into ducklings. DHBV was demonstrated in serum of all ducklings inoculated at one day of age and persisted for more than 6 months in 17 of 20 ducks. In the three ducks in which viremia disappeared, viral DNA was found in liver tissue. Southern hybridization revealed only free viral DNA in infected ducks. Only 1 of 7 ducklings inoculated at 3 weeks or later developed persistent infection. No cross‐infectivity by hepatitis B virus or by woodchuck hepatitis virus was demonstrated.By inoculating DHBV‐positive sera into 1‐day‐old ducklings of a virus‐free Japanese flock, we were able to transmit DHBV in all of them and established a chronic carrier state in all ducks which were

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040404

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from 106 southern African blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B surface antigenemia (HBsAg) were tested for hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV‐DNA) activity, HBV‐DNA polymerase concentrations, and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti‐HBe) to investigate the state of viral replication in these patients. HBeAg and anti‐HBe were detected by radioimmunoassay, HBV‐DNA by molecular hybridization using a 32p‐labeled HBV‐DNA probe, and HBV‐DNA polymerase was measured by incorporation of 3H‐labeled thymidine triphosphate into double‐stranded HBV‐DNA. HBeAg was present in 30.2% (32/106) of the patients, almost always in low titer; 63.8% of the patients were anti‐HBe positive. Circulating HBV‐DNA was detected in 18.8% (20/106) of patients, including 14 of 32 (43.7%) who were HBeAg positive and 6 of 74 (8.1%) who were anti‐HBe positive. In most patients, only trace amounts of HBV‐DNA were evident. Raised HBV‐DNA polymerase activity was found in 5.6% (6/106) of the patients, all of whom were HBeAg positive and 4 of whom had detectable amounts of circulating HBV‐DNA. The HBV‐DNA polymerase activity was relatively low in these patients. HBV replication thus appears to be present in only a minority of southern African Blacks with HBV‐rela

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040405

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immune response after vaccination with H‐B‐VAX (20 μg, Months 0, 1 and 6) was investigated in 23 Down's syndrome patients and compared to that in 30 other mentally retarded patients and 32 staff members. About 90% of Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded patients and 100% of staff members had anti‐HBs at Month 9, but anti‐HBs less than 10IU per liter were found in 6/23 (26.1%) of Down's syndrome, 7/30 (23.3%) of other mentally retarded patients, in contrast to 2/32 (6.2%) of staff members. No differences in anti‐HBs response with regard to sex and age were observed in staff members, but geometric mean titers of anti‐HBs were lower in older Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded patients, and in male Down's syndrome patients. Supplementary vaccination is necessary in these individuals to obtain “protective level

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040406

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrimary hepatocellular carc1inoma (PHC) has been linked etiologically to persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections by epidemiologic, serologic and molecular lines of evidence. To evaluate the frequency of IgM antibody to the viral core antigen (IgM anti‐HBc) detected by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay, we compared 110 Korean patients with PHC to a group of 63 age‐and sex‐matched control patients with other tumors. Results were correlated with those of commercially available HBV assays. IgM anti‐HBc was found in 74 of 110 PHC patients (67%), but only 1 of 63 (1.6%) control patients. Although HBsAg was found in a larger percentage of PHC patients (81%), it was also present in more control patients (14%). Thus, IgM anti‐HBc was more specifically associated with PHC than was the presence of HBsAg. IgM anti‐HBc was found in 91% of PHC patients with detectable HBeAg and 74% of PHC patients with positive anti‐HBe tests (p<0.04). The frequency of IgM anti‐HBc was similar among HBsAg‐positive PHC patients with and without anti‐HBs, or those with low or high levels of serum a‐fetoprotein. In 18 patients with PHC, IgM anti‐HBc was further characterized by rate‐zonal centrifugation of sera, all were found to have 19S IgM anti‐HBc although 6 also had greater or equal IgM anti‐HBc reactivity in the low molecular weight region. The presence of IgM anti‐HBc in adult Korean HBsAg carriers may indicate an especially high risk for the development of PHC, and this should be e

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040407

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo examine the period between disappearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and appearance of anti‐HBe, 48 patients with clinicopathologically verified chronic B hepatitis were followed every 1 to 3 months after HBeAg clearance. Sera were tested by radioimmunoassay for HBeAg and anti‐HBe. Anti‐HBe appeared in days to years, mostly (78.7%) within 1 year, after disappearance of HBeAg. Only 40.5% of patients had an “e‐window” shorter than 1 month. Clinical and histological exacerbation preceding HBeAg clearance precipitated or accelerated appearance of anti‐HBe. Since the patients in the “e‐window” period were positive for DNA polymerase, it is suggested that the “e‐window” reflects relative insensitivity of the radioimmunoassay rather than absence of HBeAg/anti‐HBe. Therefore, HBeAg can reappear and clinical activity can relapse particularly durin

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040408

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the frequency and significance of complete resolution of inflammatory activity following corticosteroid therapy, 115 patients with severe HBsAg‐negative chronic active hepatitis were followed regularly for 84 ± 5 months. Of 83 patients eligible to revert to normal liver tissue, 18 did so after 56 ± 8 months. Five of the 18 relapsed after treatment withdrawal. Only patients who improved spontaneously after cessation of treatment from histologic features of chronic persistent hepatitis to normal invariably sustained the improvement. Of 32 patients with cirrhosis at presentation, 17 reverted to inactive cirrhosis after 48 ± 10 months, but only 3 remained inactive after discontinuation of treatment. Mortality was similar in patients with and without reversion to normal tissue (0 vs. 14%, p ± 0.2), but the frequency of relapse was less after complete resolution (28 vs. 76%, p<0.001). Reversion to inactive cirrhosis did not improve survival or reduce relapse frequency after remission and treatment withdrawal. Findings prior to therapy did not predict outcome. We conclude that complete resolution of inflammatory activity is possible, but that it occurs slowly, infrequently and unpredictably after therapy. In patients without cirrhosis, reversion to normal liver tissue decreases the likelihood of relapse and the requirement for retreatment. In patients with cirrhosis at presentation, elimination of inflammatory activity is rarely sustained and does not improve prognosis after remission and treatment withd

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040409

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCharacteristic pathological alterations of the liver in chimpanzees inoculated with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis sera have been described, but no corresponding findings have been reported in humans. Electron microscopic studies of the liver biopsy specimens of two homosexual patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, one without hepatitis (Patient 1) and one with chronic active hepatitis in remission (Patient 2), revealed the cytoplasmic tubular structures which are characteristic of chimpanzee non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. A cluster of 23 nm double‐shelled particles was also seen in the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte in patient 1 who had received a blood transfusion 8 days before the biopsy. These particles were smaller than the Dane particles, Epstein‐Barr virus, cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus, and different from hepatitis A virus particles; the antibodies to all of which are found in high concentration in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. These observations may reflect the morphologic findings for non‐A, non‐B hepatitis infe

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840040410

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY