摘要:

AbstractA simplified spot method for determination in serum of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) by molecular hybridization is proposed. For simultaneous testing of 30 serum samples, it reduced to about 1 hr the duration of the steps preceding hybridization proper. The method also greatly reduced the loss of DNA during these steps and allowed more sensitive detection in samples of only 25 or 50 m̈1.HBV DNA was determined in 181 serum samples by this method, and the results were pooled with 67 previous determinations by the Southern blot technique. Results for the pool were then compared to those obtained with radioimmunoassay for serological HBV markers.Ninety‐six of the 248 samples were HBV DNA positive. Eleven others gave variable or inconclusive results, probably due to low viral particle titers.Seventy‐two HBsAg‐ and HBeAg‐positive sera contained HBV DNA, confirming that HBeAg is a marker of active viral replication. Fourteen other HBsAg‐ and HBeAg‐positive sera, obtained from eight patients, were either HBV DNA negative or oscillated between negative and positive, or, again, were weakly positive; serological follow‐up in 7 patients showed seroconversion to anti‐HBe in 5, 3 of which became HBsAg negative. Eight of the HBsAg‐positive sera were negative or borderline for HBeAg but contained HBV DNA and may, therefore, have been infective; seven of these sera had anti‐HBe. Six HBsAg‐negative sera contained HBV DNA and may also have been infective; five of these exhibited HBV antibodies.These results indicate that molecular hybridization not only provides a more sensitive and direct method for detecting hepatitis B virus in serum but also defines additional serological patterns with predictive or

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030301

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple, direct molecular hybridization test was employed to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences in human serum. In 61 HBsAg carriers, many with HBV‐related diseases (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, or posthepatitic cirrhosis), 28/28 (100%) who were HBeAg* and 16/32 (50%) who were anti‐HBe+had HBV DNA sequences in their serum. Among 22 South African black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 7 (32%) had detectable HBV DNA in their serum but at reduced levels when compared to HBsAg carriers without hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that viral replication is suppressed or inactive in many hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Hybridization analysis also distinguished carriers with high, moderate, or low amounts of HBV DNA in serum. Ten to 20% of HBsAg+/HBeAg+carriers showed high serum levels of HBV DNA but, surprisingly, a similar percentage of HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+carriers also showed relatively high serum levels of HBV DNA. Five patients who had undergone immunosuppression therapy and most of whom were on chronic hemodialysis had very high serum levels of HBV DNA, in the range observed during acute HBV infection. By epidemiologic analysis, two of these individuals were implicated in transmission of hepatitis to other hemodialysis patients, paramedical personnel, or intimate family contacts. Serum HBV DNA hybridization analysis identifies carriers with high serum levels of HBV irrespective of HBeAg/anti‐HBe status and may define individuals with potentially high risk of transmitting infection to their immediate c

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030302

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe composition of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in the liver was studied in patients with autoimmune and hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐induced liver disease. The ratio of inducer to cytotoxic/ suppressor cells was greater in patients with lupoid chronic active liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and HBeAb positive HBV‐induced chronic active liver disease than in patients with HBeAg positive HBV‐induced chronic hepatitis. In patients with chronic HBV‐induced (HBeAb positive) liver disease, this ratio was greater in the periportal/portal area than in the lobule. These data are consistent with a relative deficiency of the cytotoxic/suppressor population of T cells in autoimmune liver diseases and possibly in HBeAb positive HBV‐induced chronic active liver disease. In the latter patients, different ratios in the periportal and centrilobular zones suggest different mechanisms for periportal and lobular

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030303

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntibodies to cytoplasmic microfilaments, intermediate filaments (vimentin filaments), and microtubules which comprise the cytoskeleton of the cell were assayed in sera from 23 patients with HBsAg‐negative chronic active hepatitis and 1 with HBsAg‐positive chronic active hepatitis, 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 20 patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 32 healthy controls. The cytoskeleton antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence technique using vinblastine‐treated cultured human embryonic fibroblasts as substrates.There was a significantly increased incidence of cytoskeleton antibodies in patients with liver disease as compared to the control group. Antibodies to microfilaments were found frequently in sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis (67%) and primary biliary cirrhosis (53%) but were rare in sera from patients with alcoholic liver disease (25%) and in control sera (3%). On the other hand, antibodies to microtubules were found in 50% of sera from patients with alcoholic liver disease but in only 7 to 13% of sera from other groups. Intermediate filament antibodies of IgG or IgA class were found only in patient sera whereas intermediate filament antibodies of IgM class were found in the majority of sera in all groups including control sera. The highest titers of intermediate filament antibodies were seen in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis. The production of cytoskeleton antibodies may be due to the reorganization or destruction of cytoskeletal structures in the

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030304

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLiver biomatrix contains a group of connective tissue components needed for attachment, survival, and maintenance of liver‐specific functions of adult rat hepatocytes in culture. An acidic extract of liver biomatrix that contains a group of glycoproteins can replace intact biomatrix in promoting attachment and survival of hepatocytes. However, except for albumin synthesis, liver‐specific functions have not been tested. Acidic extracts of biomatrices prepared from heart, kidney, lung, and spleen (heterologous) contain a similar group of glycoproteins, but differ with respect to liver glycoproteins in their capacity to sustain hepatocyte binding. Normal hepatocytes attach poorly to heterologous glycoprotein extracts, although regenerating and tumoral hepatocytes attach to liver glycoproteins and adhere equally well or with greater efficiency to heterologous glycoprotein extracts. The increased efficiency of hepatocytes to attach to kidney biomatrix‐derived glycoproteins showed a linear correlation with the decreased glucagon binding capacity of their isolated plasma membranes. An epithelioid cell‐line derived from kidney (MDCK) attached with higher efficiency to kidney than to liver glycoproteins. These results suggest that biomatrices may contain specific glycoproteins needed for attachment and survival of their epithelial cells. This specificity is lost during the proliferative state of regenerating and tumoral hepatocytes and could be important in the general mechanism of tumor dissemination and met

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030305

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatic hyperplastic nodules (HHNs) in rats were studied as an experimental prototype of oral contraceptive‐related hepatic tumors. We have found cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in HHNs produced by acetylaminofluorene (AAF) (four cycles of 0.02% in diet). Rats with AAF‐induced HHNs were randomized into four groups: (i) AAF‐treated control; (ii) estrogen alone (estradiol‐17β); (iii) tamoxifen alone, and (iv) estrogen + tamoxifen. After 8 months of treatment with estrogen (estradiol‐17β) in combination with tamoxifen, there was regression of nodular involvement and no evidence of malignant transformation. Decreased nodular proliferation also occurred after 2 and 4 months treatment with estradiol‐17β and after 8 months of tamoxifen administration. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after 8 months of treatment was significantly less after treatment with estrogen (40%) or tamoxifen (42.9%) when compared to AAF‐treated controls (87.5%). The number of ‐γ‐glutamyitranspeptidase‐positive foci were reduced in all treatment groups after 2,4, and 8 months of treatment; these changes were most pronounced in the estrogen‐treated group and did not directly correlate with the per cent inhibition of malignant transformation. Our results suggest that the malignant transformation of estrogen receptor‐positiv

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030306

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA rat albumin cDNA probe (pBR alb 149) was developed in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for changes in hepatic protein synthesis after chronic administration of ethanol to rats. Rats fed a diet for up to 1 year in which 36% of calories were from ethanol, developed fatty livers but not cirrhosis. Cell‐free protein synthesis with liver membrane‐bound polysomes of ethanol‐fed rats was increased as compared to control membrane‐bound polysomes, whereas protein synthesis with free polysomes was unchanged. Total RNA extracted from liver membrane‐bound polysomes and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte mRNA‐dependent system showed a marked increase in albumin synthesis in the ethanol‐fed group. Analysis of RNA molecules separated according to molecular weight by gel electrophoresis and hybridized with recombinant‐cloned albumin cDNA demonstrated an increase in full‐sized albumin mRNA species in ethanol‐fed animals. Therefore, chronic ethanol administration appears to increase albumin synthesis by increasing the steady‐state level of biologically active albumin mRNA in liver membrane‐bound polysomes. Despite development of fatty liver, the protein synthesis machi

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030307

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clone C2derived from a rat hepatoma cell line was used to investigate the mechanism of the induction of γ‐glutamyltransferase by ethanol. γ‐glutamyltransferase activity was detected in the C2cell (1.4 mU per mg protein), and its kinetic properties were similar to normal rat liver γ‐glutamyltransferase. Ethanol provoked a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in γ‐glutamyltransferase activity, the maximum (2‐ to 3‐fold) occurring 48 hr after the addition of ethanol (180 mM). In contrast, the activity of five other enzymes tested were not markedly modified by ethanol. Propanol was more potent than ethanol in inducing 7‐glutamyltransferase (5‐fold stimulation), whereas methanol had no effect. The release of the enzyme in the medium was increased by ethanol and propanol.Several observations argue in favor of an increase in the biosynthesis of γ‐glutamyltransferase after ethanol addition: (i) ethanol increased the maximal velocity of the enzyme and did not modify the affinity for its substrates. It did not alter γ‐glutamyltransferase subcellular distribution; (ii) ethanol had no immediate effect when added directly to the assay mixture; (iii) the lag period and the time course of the increase in γ‐glutamyltransferase activity were those expected for an induction process; (iv) the increase in γ‐glutamyltransferase activity was prevented by cyclohex‐imide and actinomycin D suggesting that ethanol acted at the transcriptional level. The effect of ethanol was not mimicked by acetaldehyde. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that ethanol increases the biosynthesis of γ‐glutamyltransferase in a rat hepatoma cell

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030308

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were measured in 83 immunosuppressed renal transplant patients who were followed for periods of 2 to 15 years. Sixty‐nine patients were negative for HBsAg before transplantation, of whom 14 were positive for anti‐HBs. The remaining 14 patients were HBsAg positive prior to transplantation. Eighteen patients were identified as being HBsAg positive during the follow‐up period. Four patients acquired primary type B hepatitis; one died of submassive hepatic necrosis and the remaining three became chronic HBV carriers with positive HBeAg, DNA polymerase, and HBV DNA. Several patterns of HBV expression were observed in HBsAg‐positive patients. Four patients were HBsAg, HBeAg, DNA polymerase, and HBV DNA positive prior to transplantation, and these markers persisted. Reactivation of HBV replication occurred in eight patients, seven of whom were HBsAg positive and HBeAg and anti‐HBe negative originally; one patient was anti‐HBc positive. A single patient was HBsAg and anti‐HBe positive and remained so for 22 months. The remaining previously HBsAg‐positive patient is currently HBsAg negative. These serological data suggest that reactivation of HBV replication or continued hepatitis B virion replication occurs as commonly or more commonly thande novoinfection in renal transplant recipients. The presence of HBeAg in serum predisposes to long‐term Dane particle expression in immunosuppressed patients, whereas anti‐HBe‐positive carriers may not always be susceptible to reactivation of HBV replication desp

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030309

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnti‐HBc IgM was determined by a modified radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 35 patients with acute hepatitis B, 35 patients with chronic hepatitis B (7 with chronic persistent, and 28 with chronic active hepatitis), 157 HBsAg positive blood donors, and in 143 HBsAg negative but anti‐HBc positive donors. The results of the RIA test were compared with those obtained by an ELISA technique. In chronic hepatitis, anti‐HBc IgM was correlated with the occurrence of HBeAg, anti‐HBe, Dane particles in the serum, HBsAg, and HBcAg in liver tissue and with biochemical and histological degrees of hepatic inflammatory activity.In acute self‐limited hepatitis B, anti‐HBc IgM (RIA and ELISA) was initially positive in all 35 patients. Twelve months after the acute illness, 94% of the patients were negative for anti‐HBc IgM in the RIA test with only one patient showing a persistence of up to 18 months, whereas in the ELISA test anti‐HBc IgM persisted in 17% of the patients over 2 years. In chronic hepatitis, the occurrence of anti‐HBc IgM (RIA) showed a strong relation with the inflammatory activity, the anti‐HBc IgM positive patients revealing a significantly more severe liver disease than did anti‐HBc IgM negative patients. Anti‐HBc IgM (RIA), however, did not correlate with the occurrence of HBeAg and Dane particles in the serum and HBcAg in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis. Of the 157 HBsAg positive blood donors, anti‐HBc IgM (RIA) could be demonstrated in 10 (6%), but in none of the 143 HBsAg negative, but anti‐HBc positive donors, as compared to 43 (27%) and 9 (6%), respectively, in the ELISA test.Comparing the two test methods, the RIA exhibits higher specificity than did the ELISA due to a better blocking of nonspecific reactions, but possibly somewhat lower sensitivity. In this form, however, the RIA test is a more useful tool in the diagnosis of the different forms of hepatitis B virus infection and in determining the seve

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030310

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY