摘要:

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex products Class I (HLA Class I) antigens are not expressed on the surface of normal human hepatocytes but become so in pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to specify the ultrastructural topography of HLA Class I antigens expression.Nine human liver specimens, known from light microscopic investigation to display membranous positivity for HLA Class I antigens, were processed for immunoelectronmicroscopy using monoclonal anti‐HLA Class I in an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure.HLA Class I antigens were detected on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and bile duct cells; some cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were also positive. The membranes of normal bile canaliculi of hepatocytes and the apical border of bile duct cells were negative. In one case of presumably drug‐induced cholestasis, abnormal cholestatic canaliculi displayed HLA Class I antigens.These results indicate that HLA Class I antigens are synthesized by the hepatocytes and bile duct cells and incorporated into the plasma membrane; the basolateral expression follows the pattern as in other polarized cells. The expression in cholestatic canaliculi suggests a disturbed polarity of the hepatoc

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050602

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCholestasis and injury of interlobular bile ducts occur during rejection of human hepatic allografts. However, knowledge of the nature and progression of bile duct injury during rejection remains incomplete. To define the role of inflammation in bile duct damage, we assessed the light microscopic appearance of hepatic tissue from selected patients in whom allograft failure was solely due to rejection. Nine patients with rejection were easily separated into two groups based on the duration of the allograft survival. The first group (early rejection) consisted of five patients in whom rejection occurred between 13 and 36 days. The second group (late rejection) consisted of four patients in whom rejection occurred between 170 and 912 days. Early rejection was characterized by distortion of bile ducts by adjacent inflammatory cell infiltrates, cytological changes of bile duct epithelial cells and occasionally by frank mononuclear cell inflammation of the epithelium with destruction of the duct. Late rejection was characterized by nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis culminating in the disappearance of interlobular bile ducts. Both groups exhibited histological cholestasis, intact limiting plates, preservation of hepatocytes and positive orcein stains for copper‐binding protein. We conclude that the dominant histopathological feature of hepatic allograft rejection is progressive, nonsuppurative destructive cholangiti

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050603

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecognition by biopsy of liver allograft rejection has been less successful than diagnosis of rejection of cardiac and kidney allografts. In a study of 138 failed liver allografts, we recognized damage to small interlobular bile ducts by lymphocytes as the most useful indicator of the presence of rejection. This is a report of the electron microscopic features of three patients with unequivocal allograft rejection. Lymphocytes and occasional granulocytes penetrated the epithelia of interlobular bile ducts. Ducts with diameters of 30 to 60 μMwere preferentially affected but ducts up to 120 μMwere also occasionally involved. Point contacts between infiltrating inflammatory cells and bile duct epithelial cells were observed occasionally. Degenerative changes of bile duct epithelial cells were conspicuous and involved nuclei and cellular organelles. Degeneration was often accompanied by aggregation of dense bundles of filaments in the cytoplasm. In severely affected ducts, epithelial cell disintegration was noted. In all involved bile ducts, the basement membrane was markedly thickened. Hepatocytes were well‐preserved but contained lipid vacuoles, pigment granules, and blunted canalicular microvilli. The similarity between these observations and those seen in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease is s

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050604

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough other investigators have found excellent response rates to the hepatitis B vaccine, we report here an unusually low rate of seroconversion following hepatitis B vaccination in a group of apparently healthy medical center personnel. Only 67% of these individuals developed adequate postvaccination antibodies to HBsAg, in contrast to 85 to 96% in other studies. A significant decrease in seroconversion with increasing age was noted with a 54% seroconversion rate in vaccines over the age of 40, all of whom had received gluteal injections. Employees at another facility had been given deltoid injections from the same vaccine lot and had an overall seroconversion rate of 90%. Subsequently, nonresponders from the first group were revaccinated. Seven of the ten individuals tested developed anti‐HBs. We believe the relatively low rate of seroconversion in individuals above the age of 40 may have been related to gluteal injection of the hepatitis B vaccine, and further investigation is warrante

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050605

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLyophilized plasma derivatives are more stable to heat than when they are in the liquid state. Commercial Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) was seeded with a measured quantity of hepatitis B virus. The contaminated material was then lyophilized and subjected to heat of 60°c for 30 hr. Chimpanzees were inoculated with the heat‐treated antihemophilic factor or sham‐treated antihemophilic factor that had been held at 4°c. Surprisingly, hepatitis B virus survived the heating procedure with no apparent loss in titer: the incubation period to appearance of HBsAg was that expected for the challenge dose of virus. Even more surprising, one chimpanzee (the recipient of the unheated antihemophilic factor) also developed non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and two chimpanzees (recipients of the heated antihemophilic factor) also developed delta hepatitis. Neither of these agents was a contaminant of the hepatitis B virus challenge pool, since the purity of this hepatitis B virus pool was established previously in chimpanzees. Thus, both a non‐A, non‐B agent and the delta agent apparently contaminated the commercial antihemophilic factor. This is the first direct evidence for contamination of antihemophilic factor with the delta agent and confirms previous seroepidemiologic evidence for its presence in pooled plasma derivatives. Subsequent inactivation studies were performed with antihemophilic factor experimentally contaminated with the Hutchinson strain of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virus. In these studies, heating at 60°c for 30 hr in the dry state rendered antihemophilic factor free of detectable non‐A, n

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050606

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe value of various screening methods in the detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma was investigated in 95 patients with cirrhosis. Infusion hepatic angiography and computed tomography with angiography were performed yearly, ultrasound every 3 months, and determination of serum α‐fetoprotein levels every 2 months. “Space‐occupying lesions” suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma were found in 13 of the 95 cases (13.7%). Detection rates of “space‐occupying lesions” were 77% for infusion hepatic angiography, 77% for computed tomography with angiography and 54% for ultrasonography, respectively. In 8 of the 13 cases, “space‐occupying lesions” were subsequently confirmed as hepatocellular carcinoma by operative findings or clinical course. Serum α‐fetoprotein levels were negative in 3 of the 8 hepatocellular carcinoma‐confirmed cases, and 3 of the remaining 5 cases demonstrated levels above 400 ng per ml at the time of diagnosis. A radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma was successfully performed in two cases. Although it was difficult to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from other lesions in the case of “space‐occupying lesions” smaller than 2 cm in diameter, the results suggest that regularly scheduled screening may be useful to detect

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050607

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new cell line derived from a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma serially transplanted in athymic nude mice has been established and named WH257GE10. The original tumor in the nude mouse system produces woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen and albumin. In addition, woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA is integrated into cellular DNA. Adaptation of the cells to the in vitro culture condition was completed after 15 months with the doubling time of 40 hr. The morphologic features of the cell by light microscopy are of an epithelial type. The modal chromosome number is 36 and the karyotype is mainly metacentric, similar to that observed in normal woodchuck liver cells. Ornithine and tyrosine aminotransferase activities were detected. Production of albumin was demonstrated in the cytoplasm by indirect immunofluorescence. Integration of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA was shown by Southern blot analysis, although the secretion of woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen was not detected. This cell line provides an excellent in vitro model to study human hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050608

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA human hepatoma cell line, associated with thorotrast exposure, from an hepatitis B markernegative patient was established as a permanent cell line (Mz‐Hep‐1) in tissue culture. Histology of the primary tumor, as well as phase contrast, transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the cultured cells showed typical characteristics of liver cells. Mz‐Hep‐1 cells secreted complement components (C2, C3, C4), carcinoembryonic antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, chymotrypsin, haptoglobin and retinol‐binding protein and expressed HLA‐, transferrin‐, blood group B‐related determinants and complement component C5 and carcinoembryonic antigen on their cell surface. Mz‐Hep‐1 cells represent the first human hepatoma cell line, which is strongly associate

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050609

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine whether the chronic consumption of ethanol was capable of enhancing the hepatocarcinogenic activity of diethylnitrosamine per se, or through the accentuation of a methyl deficiency, two groups (A and B) of Sprague‐Dawley female rats were fed for 10 months either a 20% casein basal diet marginally deficient in methyl, or the same diet supplemented with choline (1 gm per 100 gm) and folic acid (0.54 mg per 100 gm). Both groups were offered a drinking ethanol solution, while two other nonalcohol control groups (C and D) were isocalorically pair‐fed to Groups A and B, and received diets in which the alcohol consumed by the corresponding groups was replaced by isocaloric amounts of sucrose. A baseline nonalcohol Group E, isocalorically pair‐fed to Group A, received the intact basal diet of Group A and water. One day before the initiation of the experiment, and again 2 months later, all rats from the five groups were injected with a single i.p. dose of diethylnitrosamine (100 mg per kg). The growth attained by all groups was statisticlly similar. Hepatic triglycerides in Group A were significantly higher than in all the other groups. While in Group A primary hepatocellular carcinomas and renal tumors were encountered at the end of the experiment in 3 of 6 and in 2 of 6 rats, respectively, no malignancies were observed in any of the other groups. These results indicate that chronic ethanol consumption enhances the hepatocarcinogenic and renal tumorigenic activity of diethylnitrosamine, and strongly suggest that this action is mediated through the accentuation of methyl defic

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050610

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have examined the mechanism for the bacterial transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid into the corresponding 3β‐hydroxy epimers with the use of 3α‐ and 3β‐tritiated bile acids. The 3‐oxo bile acids were transformed into the 3α‐ (85%) and 3β‐ (15%) hydroxy bile acids after 20‐hr incubation withClostridium perfringens.Approximately 75% radioactivity was recovered in the aqueous medium when [3β‐3]chenodeoxycholic acid or [3β‐3]lithocholic acid was incubated with the bacteria, and approximately 15% of radioactivity in the bile acid fraction was associated with the 3α‐position of the iso‐bile acids. When [3β‐3]chenodeoxycholic acid was incubated with unlabeled 3‐oxo‐5β‐cholanoic acid, tritiated litho‐ and iso‐lithocholic acids were recovered. These results can be explained only when a 3‐oxo intermediate is postulated, and the 3β‐hydrogen in the bile acids is transferred by the bacterial coenzyme (NAD+or NADP+) to the 3α‐position in the iso‐b

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840050611

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY