摘要:

AbstractAn outbreak of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANBH) in a hemodialysis unit was prospectively studied and the clinical, biochemical, and serologic events were correlated with an experimental immunodiffusion assay for serum antigen and antibody. One hundred sixteen subjects (76 dialysis patients and 40 staff members) were studied over an 8‐month period. Hepatitis was defined as two consecutive SGPT levels greater than two times the upper limit of normal occurring in two separate samples drawn greater than 7 days apart in the absence of other likely causes of liver disease. Weekly serum specimens were obtained and tested for SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin HBsAg, anti‐HBc, anti‐HBs, total anti‐HAV, and anti‐HAV IgM by commercial reagents, and for antigen and antibody by agar gel diffusion using reference reagents previously obtained from well‐documented posttransfusion NANBH patients. Clinical evaluations were performed three times per week. Thirty patients and none of the staff developed NANBH. The NANBH patients were asymptomatic, except for two patients with jaundice. Fifteen of the 30 patients were positive for antigen which was detectable in at least one serum collected during the acute phase. Six patients and 10 staff without clinical NANBH or abnormal serology had antigen. Antigenemia was also observed in three patients with acute hepatitis B, with chronic hepatitis B in one patient and with alcoholic hepatitis in one patient. Thus, an antigen was detected in a high proportion of patients during the acute phase of NANBH, and it was also found in exposed patients who had other liver diseases. NANBH antigen was found in 19 of 72 (26.4%), transfused cancer patients without evidence of liver disease, and in 20% of 168 other control patients without liver diseases. Fifty per cent of patients with NANBH developed antigenemia compared to 13% of exposed patients (6 of 46) without NANBH (p<0.05). Of eight patients who developed chronic hepatitis, six were NANB antigen positive. Transient antigenemia was found in some asymptomatic staff members whose liver tests remained normal. Immune serum globulin did not prevent transmission of NANBH under the circumstance

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030501

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectron microscopic observations were carried out on five HBsAg carrier chimpanzees infected with delta (δ) agent and two chimpanzees infected with human non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. The cytoplasmic tubular structures, which have been recognized in the liver of chimpanzees infected with human non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, were found also in the liver of HBsAg carrier chimpanzees infected with 5 agent. The quantity of the cytoplasmic structures in serial studies was associated with SGPT elevation rather than with expression of ± antigen in sera and liver tissues. This indicates that the cytoplasmic structures reflect a pathologic change of the hepatocytes in chimpanzees infected with ± agent or human non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. These and other similarities between the two agents suggest a

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030502

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from patients with acute viral hepatitis B were found to inhibit the invitroproliferation of normal lymphocytes induced by different mitogens and antigens. In addition, an effect on concanavalin A‐induced T suppressor cell activity and pokeweed mitogen‐stimulated IgG and IgM synthesis was demonstrated.Studies concerning the kinetics of serum immunosuppressive effects indicated that serum immunosuppressive factor (SIF) interfered with the intermediate phase of mitogen‐induced lymphocyte activation which was defined by protein and RNA synthesis. Thus, when SIF‐positive sera were added to lymphocytes, which were already activated by phytohemagglutinin, for 8, 12, or 18 hr, the inhibitory effect decreased in relation to the duration of lymphocyte activation. No inhibition could be demonstrated when SIF‐positive sera were added 24 hr after initiation of mitogen stimulation. Furthermore, similar inhibitory effects were found measuring either uptake of [3H]uridine (RNA synthesis) or [3H]leucine (protein synthesis) in a 24 hr culture of phytohe‐magglutinin‐stimulated lymphocytes or [3H]thymidine uptake (DNA synthesis) after 48 hr.These results indicate that SIF act(s) like an antiactivator and may belong to immunoregulatory physiologic

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030503

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunosuppressive factor(s) in sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis B [serum inhibition factor(s) (SIF)] which functioned like an antiactivator of lymphocytes were further characterized and purified. The active moiety could be separated from immunoglobulins and other serum proteins by means of gel filtration, anion exchange, and affinity chromatography. The major SIF activity always copurified with albumin. Affinity chromatography with Cibacron blue agarose matrix followed by elution with 2MNaCl proved an optimal procedure to obtain SIF‐positive albumin fractions. The SIF moiety could be dissociated from albumin by use of 5MNaCl or 6Murea and was separated from protein by sequential molecular filtration and G‐10 gel filtration indicating a low molecular weight substance. SIF activity of lower degree could also be detected in albumin‐containing fractions derived from normal sera and exhibited similar biochemical properties as the factor which was isolated from patients' sera.The purified SIF fractions could not be stained with various protein dyes after sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The active moiety was partially extractable with chloroformrmethanol indicating a lipophilic nature. Common fatty acids or bile acids were excluded as causative factors by gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric and radioimmunologic analyses.These data suggest that the SIF effect is caused by an albumin‐associated low molecular weight lipid or lipophilic peptide. SIF may be physiological immunoregulatory products of the immune system which are probably produced in response to a viral antigen

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030504

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine HBeAg+and 24 anti‐HBe+subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied for HBV DNA in the serum by molecular hybridization, for HBeAg in the liver by immunofluorescence, and for histologic evidence of liver disease. All HBeAg+patients had underlying chronic liver disease (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma), and all were found positive for both HBV DNA in the serum and HBeAg in the nucleus of hepatocytes. Of the 24 anti‐HBe+individuals, 18 had various forms of chronic liver disease. Six HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+patients had normal liver histology except for numerous “ground‐glass” hepatocytes with abundant cytoplasmic HBsAg. All six were negative for nuclear HBeAg and serum HBV DNA, but three showed HBV DNA which appeared to be integrated into unique sites in host liver DNA by hybridization analysis. In contrast, 14/18 (78%) of HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+patients with chronic liver disease were positive for nuclear HBeAg, serum HBV DNA, or both of these markers of HBV replication. It is suggested that in long‐term HBsAg carriers with serum anti‐HBe and normal liver histology, viral replication is suppressed or inactive and HBV potential infectivity is presumably very low or absent. However, when viral replication is present in HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+carriers (as demonstrated by serum HBV DNA and/or nuclear HBeAg), active liver disease is often found. In these individuals, active chronic liver disease appears to be related to continued replication and secretion of HBV and may occur in a much higher proportion of HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+carriers than was

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030505

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWoodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma has been successfully transplanted into nude (athymic) mice. The morphology of heterotransplanted tumor is similar to that of naturally occurring hepatocellular carcinoma before transplantation. The growth rate of transplanted tumor was very slow compared with those of other transplanted tumors. During the first month, only two tumors appeared. However, definitive tumor growth was noted in 6 of 20 nude mice about 3 months later. Seventeen of 20 nude mice exhibited sustained tumor growth after 6 months. The woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice provides anin vivomodel for the study of oncogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030506

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCoated vesicles were isolated from rat liver by a modification of the procedure described by Nandi et al. for bovine brain(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.1982; 79:5881–5885). The hepatic receptor for asialoglycoproteins was shown to be an integral constitutent of these vesicles as evidenced by their ability to bind125I‐asialo‐orosomucoid in a specific and saturable manner. The specific binding activity of the purified vesicles was 17‐fold greater than that of the original liver homogenate based on a protein determination. Binding was 97% latent and was made fully manifest only after removal of the clathrin coat and disruption of the exposed smooth membrane vesicles by detergent. Based on this finding, it was concluded that the binding protein for asialoglycoproteins was oriented toward the inner surface of the vesicle. In addition, evidence is presented that purification procedures employing detergent may result in coated vesicles deficient in one or more integral membrane p

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030507

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe vesicular transport system for biliary secretion of plasma‐derived proteins was investigated in rats with chronic bile duct obstruction. Horseradish peroxidase, previously demonstrated to be a suitable tracer for vesicular transport, was employed in these studies. Both the time course of horseradish peroxidase secretion into bile and the morphological events in its uptake, transport, and biliary secretion were found to proceed in a manner essentially identical to that of sham‐operated control animals. In addition, fragmentation of hepatocytes leading to sloughing into bile of large pieces of cytoplasm bearing horseradish peroxidase‐containing endocytic transport vesicles frequently was observed in the cholestatic animals. These data suggest that the vesicular transport system for the secretion into bile of plasma‐derived proteins remains intact and functional during chronic bile duct obstruction and that another mechanism, possibly fragmentation and solubilization of hepatocyte membranes followed by regurgitation of proteins released from endocytic vesicles, may be responsible for the elevation of biliary proteins within plasma seen during chol

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030508

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of two techniques of injection sclerotherapy, 40 patients (30 with cirrhosis and 10 with portal vein block) were randomly allocated to the sheath or free‐hand technique. Although the former was associated with significantly less bleeding within the first 24 hr of injection (p<0.05) but more postinjection pain (p<0.05) and esophageal stricture, there was a trend toward earlier obliteration of varices. This was most marked over the first three courses of injection, and although frequency of rebleeding was not significantly less, none of the 11 episodes in the sheath group were fatal, compared to 5 of 15 bleeds in those injected by the free‐hand technique (p<0.

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030509

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA prospective study was performed to evaluate the outcome of treatment withdrawal in 30 patients with “autoimmune” chronic active hepatitis in remission for periods of 1.5 to 9 years on maintenance corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy. Reactivation of disease, with marked rises in serum aminotransferase level (mean 668 ± S.D. 458 IU per liter) and accompanied by severe symptoms, occurred in 25 (87%) patients within 52 weeks (median 9 weeks; range 5 to 52) and was associated with the histological features of piecemeal necrosis and lobular hepatitis in all 20 liver biopsies examined. Age, sex, duration of disease and remission, presence of cirrhosis, autoantibody status, or immunoglobulin levels did not differentiate patients who relapsed from those who remained in remission. The response to reinstitution of treatment with prednisolone was satisfactory in 25 patients and clinical and biochemical abnormalities resolved within 10 weeks (median 6; range 3 to 10), death occurred in one patient within 48 hr of readmission to hosp

ISSN:0270-9139    

DOI:10.1002/hep.1840030510

出版商:W.B. Saunders    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY