ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb02366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1931

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb02367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1931

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.1Linear measurements of length of mandibles and body (or. elytron) made by Brindley, myself, and Dudich, respectively, in the males of three species of Lucanidæ, have been analysed. It is shown that the simple heterogony formulay=bx“, wherey=mandible‐length,x=” total “length (mandiblelength+body‐length), andbandkare constants, provides the basis for an expansion of mandible‐growth. The values ofkare, forL. cervusabout 2–3, forL. luniferabout 1.55, forCyclommatus tarandus1–97.2The approximation of actual to expected figures is close for the smaller individuals of each species. In all cases, the curves bend over in the higher part of their range, the actual mandible‐size falling progressively more and more below expectation. This, it is suggested, may be accounted for owing to the limited amount of food‐material in the pupa being exhausted before very large mandibles can be formed.3In the holometabolous insects, such as Lucanidæ, it is assumed that the heterogonic relation between mandible and rest of body is produced in one of two ways—either by the formation of a substance responsible for heterogonic growth of the mandible‐rudiment, continuously throughout larval growth at a heterogonic rate; or by the sudden appearance of heterogonic growth in the rudiments of the imaginal mandibles at a definite stage during the pupal stage. Experiments on larval nutrition are needed to decide this point.4The chief way of handling data for heterogonic organs in holometabolous insects are discussed.5As result of these facts it is concluded that the “forms” of male Lucanids distinguished by coleopterists are purely growth‐forms and have no systematic significance.6A tendency for multi‐modality is evident in the frequency‐curve for the mandibles of maleCyclommatus tarandus; this appears to be correlated with the greater range of body‐size in this species and consequent presumed greater variability of moult‐number, as compared with the other Lucanids studied.7D'Arcy Thompson and Przibram's theory, which sees the cause of bi‐(multi‐) modality of heterogonic organs in a variation in moultnumber during larval life is extended to make i

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb02368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1931

数据来源: WILEY