摘要:

Summary.The skulls and cranial muscles of the primitive characinsCreatochanesandBryconare described. Other Characinoidei, which have been selected to illustrate the remarkable adaptive radiation of the suborder, are compared with them in detail. They are:Myleus, a deep‐bodied herbivore specialized for biting pieces from plants;Serrasalmus, the piranha, a predator which bites pieces of flesh from large prey;Pyrrhulina, a surface feeder;Leporinus, a herbivore with jaws and teeth suited for nibbling rather than biting;Hoplias, a long‐jawed predator; andAnisitsia, a detritus feeder which is convergent with the grey mull

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The egg, larva, protonymph, female and male ofParasitus copridisCosta, 1963 are described and figured. The following are new hosts for the mite:Bubas bubalus, Onitis humerosusandHister uncinatus.Preliminary notes are given on the biology ofP. copridisand the nature of its association withCopris hispanus.The mould depressing effect of the beetle and its influence on the behaviour ofP. copridisis noted. The longevity of the deutonymphs ofP. copridiswas observed to be at least 109 days and is estimated to be 140‐50 day

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The Pittidae of the subgenusCervinipittaare practically uniform in the colour pattern of their plumage, but the African forms differ from the remaining (namely, Asian and Australasian) forms of the subgenus in the structure and pigmentation of their green (Tyndall‐coloured) feathers.In these feathers, the Africans appear to show certain ancestral characters: small numbers of medullary cells, some of which may contain small, fluctuating amounts of dark‐pigmented granules.These characters coexist there with specialized features, which may intensify the colour effect: absence of the granules from most medullary cells and aggregation of such granules in lateral portions of the cortex.In the Eastern forms of the subgenus, the number of medullary cells appears to be secondarily increased, and the amount of granules enlarged and concentrated in axial cells of the medulla–again serving the intensification of the colour.In this way the African and the Eastern branches of the subgenus have undergone divergent specialization in histological details, but show practically identical colour effects. However, the African branch appears to have retained some primitive characters and shows incompletely stabilized condi

ISSN:0368-2935    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1964.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY