摘要:

To determine if dietary antioxidants play a role in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD) by having an impact on lipid levels.Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study were used to assess the associations of reported intake of vitamins A, C, E and beta carotene, and their use in supplements, with lipid levels in a black and white, healthy adult (18 to 30 years of age at the baseline examination) population.After adjusting for age, education level, physical activity, body size, alcohol consumption and caloric intake, vitamin A, beta carotene, and vitamin C (white women) intake were directly associated with HDL-cholesterol levels among women who smoked cigarettes, with the strongest associations being observed for white women. Black men who took supplements of vitamins A and C and did not smoke cigarettes had significantly higher HDL-cholesterol levels compared to those in the lowest levels of dietary intake. Although vitamin E was associated with higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, the association was only of borderline significance among white men who smoked cigarettes (p = 0.06). We did not observe any consistent associations between antioxidants and other plasma lipids, including total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, or triglycerides.We conclude that dietary antioxidants are associated with HDL-cholesterol levels in some subsets of the population, although these associations may be operating in conjunction with other lifestyle behaviors.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718553

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To compare the metabolic effects of a lipid-lowering diet containing either low erucic rapeseed (canola) oil or olive oil.Twenty-two hyperlipidemic patients participated in a cross-over study comprising two consecutive 3.5-week treatment periods. The participants were free-living throughout the study period, visiting the metabolic clinic initially and at the end of each treatment period for weighing and blood sampling. All food was prepared daily and weighed out for each individual appropriate to his/her energy requirement.Total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and the ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased to the same extent on the two diets tested, as did the apolipoproteins B, A-I and Lp(a). After adjustment for body weight changes, most of the reported effects remained virtually unaltered. However, there was a slightly greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the diet containing rapeseed oil (−17%, p<0.001) than with the olive oil diet (−13%, p<0.01) with p<0.04 for the difference between diets. Also, the intravenous glucose tolerance improved to a similar extent on both diets.The results indicate that lipid-lowering diets containing either rapeseed oil or olive oil have similar effects on serum lipoprotein concentration and glucose tolerance in hyperlipidemic subjects.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718554

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to find how closely a near infrared instrument (IRI), Futrex 5000, would compare to whole body counting (WBC) of potassium-40 (40K) in assessing body composition.We measured lean body mass (LBM) and percent total body fat (PCF) in 177 males and 27 females by total body potassium (TBK) and by infrared interactance (IRI). TBK was assessed by 2 pi whole body counter (WBC) and IRI by Futrex (F) instrument. These subjects were measured for TBK and for IRI within 1 week of each other.A large mean difference (p

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718555

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Animal studies have demonstrated intestinal immunoglobulin production is decreased when luminal nutrition is withheld and nutrition is provided solely on the basis of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).Eight normal volunteers were hospitalized in the Clinical Research Center for three weeks. The subjects received TPN as an exclusive means of nutritional support for 14 days followed by 5 days of enteral feeding with either standard or a glutamine- and arginine-supplemented formula in which the protein source was primarily free amino acids and peptides. Endoscopic jejunal biopsies obtained before and after TPN and following enteral refeeding were evaluated by immunofluorescence for the number of IgA, IgM and IgG-producing cells; T and B cells as well as intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were also counted. Serum immunoglobulins and the molecular forms of serum IgA were determined at the same intervals.The number of intestinal IgA-, IgM- and IgG-producing cells was unaffected by TPN (676 +/−58 vs. 643 +/−38, 101 +/−14 vs. 98 +/−18, 10 +/−1 vs. 11 +/−2 per low power field). The total number of intestinal lymphocytes, and CD3+ lymphocytes in the intraepithelial area was unaffected by TPN (10.4 +/−0.4 vs. 10.2 +/−1.3, 7.3 +/−0.8 vs. 8.6 +/−1.6 per 100 epithelial cells). Similarly, the total number of lymphocytes and CD3+ lymphocytes in the intestinal lamina propria was unaffected by TPN (4.4 +/−0.2 vs. 6.2 +/−0.8, 3.3 +/−0.7 vs. 4.5 +/−0.8). A small, but statistically significant increase in serum IgA and IgM was seen with TPN 314 +/−11 vs. 342 +/−16 mg/dL and 154 +/−25 vs. 226 +/−47 mg/dL, although IgG remained unchanged (1262 +/−69 vs. 1207 +/−57 mg/dL). The proportion of polymeric and monomeric serum IgA remained unchanged after TPN (19.2 vs. 22.1% polymeric).The use of TPN is not associated with intestinal immune dysfunction in man. A small, but statistically significant increase in serum IgM, and a borderline statistically significant increase in serum IgM were associated with TPN. The etiology and clinical significance of these observations is unclear.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718556

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The experience to date with total enteral nutritional (TEN) support in acute alcoholic pancreatitis patients admitted to the University of Kentucky affiliated hospitals was reviewed.Standard enteral formulas sufficient to meet patient's needs were administered into the small bowel via endoscopically placed nasoenteric feeding tubes in five patients. Feedings were administered for a mean of 28.4 days. Pancreatitis was mild to moderate in severity by Ranson's criteria in four patients, and severe in one.Four patients developed complications of pancreatitis before initiation of TEN, representing the most common indication for nutritional support. Nutritional status was maintained by TEN with no significant complications from this nutritional support identified. Diarrhea that did not limit tube feeding developed in a single patient.This experience further supports the safety of TEN in acute pancreatitis and suggests that adequate nutritional support can be delivered by this route.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718557

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10738010

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10738012

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10738013

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10738014

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor