摘要:

Data from several national surveys consistently show that American children have lower than recommended intakes of vitamin E, which is reflected in lower than average serum levels. Reduction in dietary fat can further exacerbate the low vitamin E status of children. The consequences of low vitamin E intake may include impaired immune responses, as seen in a study of over 500 Canadian children. Low vitamin E status has been correlated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataract and impaired immune responses in adult populations. Since early signs of chronic degenerative diseases of aging have been seen in autopsies of children, efforts should be made to ensure that prolonged low intakes of vitamin E are avoided in children as well as adults.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1992.10718248

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In 1919, glucose intolerance became the earliest recognized metabolic abnormality in cancer patients. Prior to the development of severe malnutrition, colon, gastric, sarcoma, endometrial, prostate, localized head, neck, and lung cancer patients had many of the metabolic abnormalities of type II (noninsulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. These metabolic abnormalities include glucose intolerance, an increase in both hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose recycling, and insulin resistance. In a study of over 600 cancer patients, a diabetic pattern of glucose tolerance test was noted in over one-third of the patients. An increased rate of HGP, commonly seen in diabetics, has been noted in almost all types of cancer patients studied to date. Etiology of the increased glucose production in the cancer patient is not known, but abnormalities in the counter regulatory hormones, especially growth hormone, may contribute to the development of abnormal glucose metabolism. A second possible stimulus for the increase in HGP could be the glucose needs of the tumor. Abnormally high glucose utilization rates in small amounts of tumor tissue have recently been described. This suggests that small tumors may have large needs for glucose calories. An increase in anaerobic glycolysis in the tumor tissue can increase lactate production in the tumor-bearing human, thus supplying substrate to the liver to increase glucose production rates. In this paper, the nature of abnormal glucose metabolism in cancer patients is described.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1992.10718249

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Massive obesity is associated with serious co-morbidities. After failure of extensive conservative measures, surgical procedures have developed as the only successful method for sustained weight loss. Criteria for operation are: presence of serious diseases associated with morbid obesity; greater than 45 kg above ideal weight or body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2 for usually greater than 5 years; failure of sustained weight loss on extensive conservative regimens; commitment to lifelong follow-up; and acceptable operative risk. Angina pectoris itself is not a contraindication to these operations. Patients who do not quite meet the weight criteria may still be candidates for an obesity operation in certain instances, e.g., debilitating musculoskeletal pains in weight-bearing joints, diabetes, significant hypertension, reflux esophagitis, urinary stress incontinence. Although current operations result in lasting weight loss of greater than 50% of excess weight in the majority of patients, the surgical candidate must understand and accept the principles of the procedures, the potential for serious complications, the dietary necessities, and occasional failures.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1992.10718250

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1992.10738201

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1992.10738202

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1992.10738203

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor