摘要:

We studied changes in body fat of lactating mothers and its relationship to milk fat and growth of exclusively breast-fed infants during the first 3 months of life.Changes in body fat measured by body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness (triceps, suprailiac, subscapular, pectoral) of 39 low socioeconomic status women were measured every 15 days during the first 3 months postpartum. Milk fat concentrations and growth of exclusively breast-fed infants were followed at the same intervals. Attained growth (ponderal and linear) of infants was analyzed through multivariate analyses against changes in maternal adiposity (BMI and sum of skinfolds), weight, and milk fat concentrations.There was a decrease in maternal skinfold thickness from the 15th day postpartum. Milk fat concentrations decreased significantly only at the second month of lactation.Statistical model adjustments for duration of study, milk fat concentration, and birth weight of infants explained 88% of variance in infant growth (r2 = 0.886, p = 0.0001).

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718474

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hypocalciuria associated with a high phosphorus intake is known to be both a parathyroid hormone and non-parathyroid hormone dependent event. The present study was designed to define the role that ammoniagenesis may play in the non-parathyroid hormone dependent pathway.Male rats, initially weighing 160 g, were fed a purified diet containing, in g/kg diet, a single level of protein (200) and variable inorganic phosphorus (1.8, 4.5, 9.0) for 20 days.Food intake and body weight were similar for the three groups. Significant inverse correlations were found for both urinary calcium and phosphorus and for urinary ammonia nitrogen and calcium excretion (r =−0.62, p<0.01). Urinary ammonia nitrogen excretion was highly correlated with both phosphorus intake (r = 0.89, p<0.001) and urinary phosphorus (r = 0.88, p<0.001). Urinary urea nitrogen tended to vary inversely with phosphorus intake. High dietary phosphorus decreased the activity of glutamine synthetase and increased the activity of glutaminase I in kidney.Tying-up some of the hydrogen ions destined for excretion by phosphorus-stimulated ammoniagenesis could reduce the interfering effect of hydrogen ion on kidney calcium reabsorption and provide a mechanism to explain why phosphorus can have a direct positive impact upon tubular calcium reabsorption.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718475

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Our specific aim in the prospective, longitudinal assessment of 8,251 subjects in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES I, followup study was to assess the important roles of modifiable dietary and behavioral characteristics in the causation and prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD).Using NHANES I prospective 10 year followup data, we studied 8,251 subjects; 492 with cardiovascular events and 7,759 without events during the followup period (1971-75 to 1982-84). Using general linear models and logistic regression, we assessed the relationships of CHD risk factors to CHD morbidity and mortality.By logistic regression, the following factors were independently, significantly, and inversely associated with coronary heart and vascular disease deaths and hospitalizations: alcohol intake, dietary riboflavin, dietary iron, serum magnesium, leisure time exercise, habitual physical activity, and female gender. Positive significant independent determinants of CHD events included cigarette smoking, sedimentation rate, Quetelet index, maximum body weight, and age.These associations emphasize the important role of modifiable dietary and behavioral characteristics in the causation and prevention of CHD.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718476

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of the first part of this study was to detect the incidence of preoperative malnutrition of clinical importance in patients with benign disease.The preoperative nutritional status of 52 consecutive adult patients undergoing abdominal operations for benign conditions was studied prospectively by objective and subjective nutritional criteria. The postoperative outcome was monitored until discharge or death. The preoperative nutritional status was correlated with the postoperative outcome.Protein energy malnutrition was identified in 20 (38%) of the 52 patients. Of these 20 malnourished patients, 15 (75%) developed complications after surgery, compared with 7 (22%) of the 32 well-nourished patients (p<0.01). The most common abnormal values were serum transferrin concentration (n = 8), subscapula skinfold (n = 11), serum urea:serum creatinine ratio (n = 17), loss of appetite for more than 5 days (n = 24), and preoperative stay in hospital of longer than 5 days (n = 19).These results indicate that a combination of objective and subjective criteria may be important in the identification of clinical malnutrition.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718477

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Part II of this study was undertaken to develop a prognostic nutritional index for the identification of high risk patients with benign disease undergoing abdominal operations at the Universitas Hospital in Bloemfontein.To accomplish this goal, 52 consecutive adult non-cancer surgical patients, admitted to the Universitas Hospital for a period of one year, were studied prospectively. The postoperative outcome was monitored until discharge or death. Various discriminant analyses were performed on the obtained data. Four prognostic indexes were compiled, including two nutritional and two mixed models. A short and medium length index were derived for both the nutritional and the mixed models.The results suggest that the short nutritional index may be the most practical for the prediction of surgical outcome in this specific set of patients. The short nutritional index included diet risk, serum albumin, body mass index, % ideal body weight, triceps skinfold and grip strength. It is further suggested that these indices be tested in another set of patients and be compared with other available prognostic models.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718478

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study was designed to measure the effect of chronic alcohol intake on leucine turnover in outpatients with stable alcoholic liver cirrhosis.Protein turnover rate was measured using L [1-14C] leucine in ten outpatients with proven alcoholic cirrhosis and in five healthy controls. After the performance of the turnover, the patients were divided in two groups depending on the evidence of alcohol ingestion in the previous month.Non-abstinent patients had a significantly higher leucine flux and non-oxidative disposal (73.8 +/−25.4 and 65.9 +/−21.6) than abstinent cirrhotic patients (48.9 +/−9.5 and 43.7 +/−9.0) and normal controls 37.3 +/−8.9 and 31.1 +/−7.6 mumol/m2/min (p<0.01). Leucine oxidation and serum leucine levels were similar in the three groups.Alcohol intake in alcoholic cirrhotic patients has a catabolic effect that could be associated with the nutritional imbalances observed in alcoholic liver disease.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718479

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10738000

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1995.10738002

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor