ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720326

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Male patients with recurrent calcium (Ca) urolithiasis (RCU) with idiopathic hypercalciuria (I-HC, n = 12) or normocalciuria (NC, n = 12), and age, sex, and weight-matched controls (C, n = 12) were evaluated before and after a carbohydrate-rich synthetic meal for blood glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), alpha-amino-nitrogen, several glucometabolic hormones and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and urine Ca, phosphate, oxalate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels as well as saturation. Fasting serum Ca was significantly higher and PTH significantly lower in I-HC than in controls, whereas in fasting urine cAMP and phosphate were unchanged. There were only minor differences between fasting blood glucose levels and postprandial glucose tolerance of RCU patients and controls. However, serum insulin was significantly elevated in I-HC versus C, but serum C-peptide, plasma glucagon, and somatostatin levels were comparable in RCU and C. FFA were significantly lower in RCU than C. Postprandial phosphaturia and urinary saturation with Ca-phosphates were significantly higher in RCU versus C, whereas urinary cAMP, pH, and oxalate were similar. We conclude that: (1) in RCU patients some postabsorptive steps in glucose metabolism may be abnormal; (2) those with I-HC have enhanced postprandial Ca and phosphate excretion concomitantly with disordered insulin metabolism; and (3) RCU patients may suffer from a postprandial renal phosphate leak, which may make their urine more lithogenic.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720327

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Morgan et al demonstrated that adults who consumed ready-to-eat cereals had significantly lower fat and cholesterol intakes than those who ate other foods at breakfast. Not discussed in that study was the effect of breakfast consumption habits on serum cholesterol levels. The NHANES II study of 11,864 adults was used to both verify the Morgan et al results with a different sample and to extend that research by including serum cholesterol. The analysis disclosed that serum cholesterol levels are lowest among adults eating a breakfast that includes ready-to-eat cereal and highest among breakfast skippers.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720328

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Changes in the concentration of plasma lipids were assessed in 10 normolipidemic adult women in response to alternate 3-week controlled feeding of similar low-fat diets containing either tofu or cheese. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) following consumption of the tofu compared to the cheese diet, whereas no significant differences were observed in VLDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or in total triglycerides. To assess whether protein source (animal vs vegetable) exerted an independent effect on plasma lipids, lipid responses to alternate 3-week feeding of tofu-and cheese-containing diets in which the amount and type of dietary fat were equilibrated were examined in five additional women. The finding of similar plasma lipid responses to the modified treatments suggested the high P/S ratio of tofu was primarily responsible for the observed hypocholesterolemic response. An independent effect of protein source on plasma lipids was not supported.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720329

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a common clinical problem. As Mg is predominantly an intracellular cation and Mg deficiency may exist despite normal serum Mg (sMg) concentrations, we have utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in an attempt to measure intracellular free Mg (Mg2+) in red blood cells (RBC). Twenty normal subjects, 22 hypomagnesemic patients, and 17 normomagnesemic alcoholic patients were studied. Mean RBC Mg2+ in normal subjects (178 +/−6.3 microM) was significantly greater than in hypomagnesemic patients (146 +/−7.1 microM, p less than 0.002). RBC Mg2+ correlated with sMg concentration (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001). In addition, four normal subjects were given a low Mg diet for 3 weeks. There was a progressive fall in both the sMg concentration and RBC Mg2+ during Mg depletion, with a concomitant rise in retention of a parenterally administered Mg load. These data suggest that the determination of intracellular Mg2+ by NMR may be a useful research tool in assessing the effect of changes in Mg2+ on intracellular processes. Its utility in the clinical evaluation of disorders of Mg deficiency remains to be determined.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720330

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720331

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in ferritin levels due to race were large enough to alter interpretation of ferritin test results during pregnancy. Patients were screened for hemoglobinopathies and other diseases known to affect ferritin levels. Maternal blood samples were obtained at delivery and analyzed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin. One hundred thirty-four white and 69 black parturients were studied. Race was found to significantly affect serum ferritin levels p less than 0.001). Whereas blacks had a mean hemoglobin level 0.6 g/dl lower than whites, their mean serum ferritin level was 7.6 ng/ml higher (18.97 +/−13.6 vs 11.41 +/−9). No differences were found in the number of red blood cells, smoking status, or most other clinical variables. The mean serum ferritin level of anemic black parturients was higher, although not significantly different, than that of white nonanemic parturients (14.2 +/−9.5 vs 12.1 +/−9.4 ng/ml). Furthermore, increasing parity significantly decreased serum ferritin in both races (p less than 0.004). This was not due to differences in the interval between pregnancies. The results show conclusively that black parturients have significantly higher ferritin levels than white parturients. Therefore, different norms need to be established for blacks and whites if ferritin is used to screen for anemia during pregnancy.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720332

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), induced by 100 g glucose given orally, were measured in two groups of obese women, characterized by the abdominal or gluteal-femoral type of obesity. No difference in RMR was found between the two groups. Obese women with an abdominal fat mass distribution have a higher and more prolonged DIT in comparison with gluteal-femoral obese women. This finding may help explain why women with upper body obesity are more able to lose weight than women with lower body obesity.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720333

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is well established that electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH) can lead to stimulus-bound feeding in many different species. The present study examined the effect of a warning signal on ESLH-induced feeding. When rats are warned of ESLH (through Pavlovian conditioning), their latencies to start eating from ESLH onset are longer (approximately 2.5X) than when they are not warned. Thus, the rats are able to prepare for the maladaptive situation of eating when satiated.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720334

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new rodent model, SHR/N-cp, for study of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has recently been developed. The present study reports exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations in female corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (+/?) rats fed a diet containing carbohydrate as cooked corn starch or sucrose for 7 months to determine the potential of the model for studies of diet and pancreatic function in NIDDM. Although corpulent female rats weighed 2.5 times more than their lean littermates, they consumed less calories when expressed per 100 g body weight than lean rats. Corpulent rats had a significantly smaller relative pancreatic weight than lean rats (p less than 0.0001), but had greater total pancreatic DNA content and concentration (p less than 0.003) and higher pancreatic amylase (p less than 0.0001), lipase (p less than 0.0011), and chymotrypsinogen (p less than 0.0208) specific activities. Corpulent rats had a significantly lower pancreatic copper concentration than their lean littermates (p less than 0.0193). Corpulent rats consuming starch had a higher pancreatic iron concentration than all other experimental groups (p less than 0.05). The corpulent female rats were only mildly diabetic based upon serum and urine indices. The data suggest that the female SHR/N-corpulent rat may be a useful model for studying exocrine pancreatic function of mild cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720335

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor