摘要:

This comparative study was designed to discover early determinants of systolic (S) and diastolic (D) blood pressure (BP) elevations in 138 Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) and 89 non-SDA male and female adolescents (median age, 17 years) living at three residential secondary schools in North Carolina.Measurements were made of blood pressure, body weight, and height, and information was collected on lifestyle factors, dietary intake, and other behaviors, including exercise, religiosity, Type A behavior, and anger, by questionnaire. Multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed with BP, either SBP or DBP, as the independent variable.A significant direct association was found only between body weight and BP, but weak associations were shown between BP and other variables, including exercise, diet, religiosity, Type A behavior, and anger. Male and female SDA students showed significantly higher SBPs and DBPs than did non-SDA adolescents though the differences were small (approximately 5 mm for each sex).These findings suggest that the higher BP values of SDA adolescents, who were all practicing lacto-ovo-vegetarians, compared to similarly aged health-conscious non-SDAs, are determined more by eating behaviors that contribute to gains in body weight than by any other lifestyle variable. Furthermore, these data support the notion that the BP-protective effects of the vegetarian diet may not emerge in these SDA youth until early adulthood.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718390

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of the present study was to establish whether copper (Cu)-deficient rats fed a diet containing fructose as their sole carbohydrate source require more biotin than the recommended 2 mg/kg diet when egg-white serves as the dietary protein.Eighty weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups according to type of dietary carbohydrate (starch or fructose), level of Cu (0.6 micrograms Cu/g diet or 6.0 micrograms Cu/g diet) and level of biotin (2 mg/kg diet or 10 mg/kg diet).Regardless of the level of dietary biotin, Cu-deficient rats fed a fructose-containing diet exhibited growth retardation, anemia, atrophied pancreata, enlarged hearts and similar death rates. The remaining Cu-deficient rats fed fructose were emaciated and sick regardless of dietary biotin levels. The concentration of biotin in serum and biotin content of liver of rats fed fructose were higher than corresponding values from rats fed starch.Cu-deficient rats fed fructose are not deficient in biotin compared to published normal values. Supplementation of 10 mg/biotin/kg diet did not improve morbidity or mortality and therefore was not beneficial.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718391

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The salt (NaCl) content of bread, obtained from Belgium and 25 other regions or countries worldwide, was analyzed to evaluate the importance of bread as a source of dietary salt in a population.A total of 1166 dried bread samples were analyzed using a hot HCl extraction technique followed by flame photometry and performed by the same laboratory technician in Leuven (Belgium); 534 samples from Leuven were analyzed over 10 time periods from 1967-73 to 1992 together with 562 samples from 11 other European countries, 44 from the United States and Peru, and 26 from Asia.The average mean salt content of fresh bread (= dried bread times 0.6) in European countries was 12.4 +/−1.7 g/kg for white and 13 +/−1.0 g/kg for brown bread. In Japan and Korea it was about 8.5 g/kg and in Pakistan, Thailand, Nepal, and Laos about 5 g/kg. The mean sodium/potassium ratio with Na and K in mmol was 8.0 for white and 4.5 for brown bread, much higher than the recommended value of 1.0. Bread with a very low salt content was found in certain areas of Peru, Spain, and Italy.The overall salt content of bread in Western countries is excessive, and a gradual reduction is highly desirable.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718392

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) correlates with the risk of in-hospital morbidity among metabolically stable elderly. The secondary objective was to determine whether IGF-I correlates with other putative indicators of protein-energy nutritional status.To meet these objectives, 110 randomly selected admissions to a Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit (GRU) of a Veterans Administration hospital were studied. The average age of the study patients was 76 years; 98% were male, and 78% were white.At admission, each patient completed a comprehensive medical, functional, neuropsychological, and nutritional assessment including the attainment of a plasma IGF-I determination. While in the hospital, each subject was monitored daily for development of complications.Subsequent to GRU admission, 44 patients (40%) experienced at least one complication; 36 patients (33%) experienced an infectious complication, 8 patients (7%) experienced a life-threatening complication, and 5 patients (5%) experienced a life-threatening infectious complication. There was no correlation between IGF-I and development of a non-life-threatening complication (”any complication”or“any infectious complication”). However, IGF-I was a strong predictor of“life-threatening”and“life-threatening infectious”complications. The logistic regression model incorporating the independent variable IGF-I differentiated the patients who would develop a“life-threatening”complication from those who would not with a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 76%, and an overall predictive accuracy of 76%. IGF-I was highly correlated with admission serum albumin, transferrin, and cholesterol, triceps skinfold thickness, body weight expressed as a percent of ideal, and body mass index. There was no correlation between IGF-I and the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living score, age, or anergy status.IGF-I is a strong predictor of“life-threatening”and“life-threatening infectious”complications and may be a clinically useful marker for protein-energy undernutrition among metabolically stable hospitalized elderly patients.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718393

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The pathophysiological condition and potential drug interactions may influence nutritional status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine, separately in male and female schizophrenic subjects, the influence of neuroleptic treatment on different indices of nutritional status.The survey was conducted at a 750-bed mental hospital in 311 custodial care patients, where anthropometric and hematological estimations were measured.In the present study, prevalence of obesity, (assessed by weight-for-height) increased by 10% in males and 18% in females on neuroleptic medication as compared to psychotropic-free schizophrenic subjects. Those taking neuroleptic medication also had larger fat and protein body compartments. Statistical differences between the groups (controls vs neuroleptics) were found for triceps skinfold and arm-muscle circumference as indices of body composition, being more marked in female patients. Neuroleptic administration was associated with changes in iron status, plasma protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in males, while only plasma protein levels were affected in the female schizophrenic group under antipsychotic therapy.This study provides further evidence of adverse consequences of neuroleptic drugs on anthropometric and biochemical markers of nutritional status, and also shows differences between male and female patients in their response to psychotropic medications.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718394

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To determine whether failure to thrive in a breast-fed infant could be attributed to altered milk production or composition from a mother who consumed a self-imposed energy- and protein-restricted diet.We evaluated the changes in growth and body composition, dietary intakes, and milk production and composition in a mother-infant pair throughout the first postpartum year.The Children's Nutrition Research Center Metabolic Research Unit.A breast-feeding mother-infant pair.Body composition was measured by total body electrical conductance, dietary intakes by food records, milk production by the test weighing procedure, and milk composition by proximate analyses.A marked decline in the infant's linear and ponderal growth rates occurred when the mother consumed an energy- (20 kcal.kg-1.d-1) and protein- (0.7 g.kg-1.d-1) restricted diet. The retardation in body weight gain was associated with an arrest of body fat, but not lean body mass, accretion. Maternal milk production showed positive relationships with maternal dietary energy (p<0.01, r = 0.93) and protein (p<0.05, r = 0.83) intakes. Milk composition reflected changes consistent with those of weaning rather than a sequela of the mother's diet.We concluded that failure to thrive in a breast-fed infant could be attributed to reduced milk production in conjunction with maternal dietary energy- and protein-restriction and that an assessment of maternal dietary intakes is essential in an evaluation of the breast-fed infant with failure to thrive.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718396

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It has been reported that microwave heating of infant formulae can isomerize and racemize amino acids in the milk proteins, causing toxicity or affecting the nutritional value of the milk formulae. Therefore, we investigated whether microwave heating vs conventional heating would produce any D- enantiomers of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) in milk.Whole and skim milk samples were heated for 10 minutes in either a microwave oven at medium power or on a hot water bath at 80 degrees C. D-Asp and D-Glu were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Unheated (control) samples were found to contain 0.40-0.45% D-Asp and D-Glu, inherent from the original pasteurizing process. Both conventional heating and microwave heating induce<0.25% more racemization when compared to the control samples.Within experimental error, there is no significant difference in the levels of these D-amino acids between the conventionally heated and microwave heated milks, thus having no significant effect on the nutritional value of the milk proteins.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718397

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10738222

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10738224

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10738225

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor