摘要:

To investigate the relationship between smoking habits and folate status in a group of elderly Spanish men.We studied folate intake, serum and erythrocyte folate concentrations, hematological and biochemical data in 72 elderly males (comparing 24 smokers data with 44 nonsmokers ones).Percentage deficiencies for folate intake, serum and erythrocyte levels were higher in smokers. Serum folate levels were significantly higher in nonsmokers. Smokers had higher mean corpuscular volume than did nonsmokers.Smoking could be harmful to the intake and folate status. For smokers who will not give up the habit, improved dietary intake or a folate supplement is advisable.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718374

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We examined whether sugar-induced systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevations in rats may develop, in part, through a mechanism common to salt-induced hypertension, i.e., renal retention of water and salt.Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) ate four diets: two high (>50% of calories) and two low (<12% of calories) in sugar (sucrose). SBP, various urinary parameters, and the renal angiotensin and prostaglandin systems were assessed.SHR consuming diets high in sugar showed significantly decreased urinary volume and excretion of electrolytes, which coincided with increasing SBP. When low sugar diets replaced high sugar diets, SBP and urinary parameters rapidly returned to baseline. SHR received captopril while consuming high sugar diets, and both SBP and urinary parameters assumed baseline values, comparable to ones seen in SHR consuming low sugar diets. A direct angiotensin II receptor antagonist (DuPont 753) did not influence SBP. However, we found decreased PGE2 excretion in SHR consuming excess sugar.Salt and water retention occur early during sugar-induced hypertension due to reduced renal excretion, consistent with some part in the pathogenesis. The effects of high sugar diets on SBP were not due to angiotensin II inhibition, however, decreased availability of vasodilatory prostaglandins may play a role in the renal events and sugar-induced hypertension in SHR.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718375

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY: We determined the kinds and amounts of vitamin A compounds (retinol and various retinyl esters) circulating in serum and stored in liver and other selected tissues of ferrets, using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The concentration of total retinyl esters in serum (43 +/−1 mumol/L, mean +/−SEM) was 25 times greater than that of retinol (1.7 +/−0.2 mumol/L). In serum, 56% of retinyl esters was retinyl stearate, 33% was retinyl palmitate, and 5% was retinyl oleate. In contrast, in liver, vitamin A was stored primarily as retinyl palmitate (51%); smaller amounts of retinyl oleate (19%) and retinyl stearate (16%) were found. In kidneys, adrenals, small intestine, adipose tissue, skin, stomach, and eyes, retinyl palmitate was also the predominant retinyl ester, followed by retinyl stearate. In colon, lungs, and bladder, equal amounts of retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate were observed. Other retinyl esters present in smaller amounts in most of these tissues were retinyl oleate, retinyl linoleate and/or -myristate, retinyl heptadecanoate, retinyl arachidonate, and retinyl laurate. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the primary form of vitamin A that circulates in the blood of ferrets is retinyl stearate, whereas the primary storage form of the vitamin in tissues is retinyl palmitate. Concentrations of total vitamin A in ferret serum and other tissues were 3-73 times greater than those reported for their corresponding human tissues.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718376

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The investigation was designed to obtain information concerning the vitamin B6 status in high-performance athletes.Fifty-seven strength and speedpower athletes were available for examination.Vitamin B6 status was determined by a 7-day weighed food record, enzyme activity (alpha-EGOT) measurement, whole blood concentrations (Saccharomyces carlsbergenisis and 4-pyridoxinic acid (4-PA) excretion (high-pressure liquid chromatography).The absolute vitamin B6 intake in>30% of the athletes was below the German recommended dietary allowance (GRDA) and, in relation to the protein intake (GRDA 0.20 mg vitamin B6/g protein),>60% of the athletes had values below the GRDA. More than 90% of the athletes did not attain the reference value (0.88 nmol/mL) for untrained individuals in vitamin B6 whole blood concentration, and only a few athletes (2.73 mumol/g creatinine in 18% of all athletes examined.Vitamin B6 status can be quantified using the weighed food record, microbiological whole blood determination, and 4-PA excretion; however, limits of the individual methods must be taken into account. Vitamin B6 supply of the athletes still cannot be definitively assessed because there are no generally valid reference values.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718377

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The literature on the bioavailability of selenium (Se) from meats, especially beef, is meager, and that which existed when this research began suggested that Se was not highly bioavailable. In addition, much of the analytical values for Se in beef predated the Food and Drug Administration's 1973 approval of Se as an additive to feeds and mineral premixes of livestock.One hundred and thirty-six weanling female Fischer 344 rats were divided into two dietary groups: the selenium deficient group in which animals were fed a torula yeast (TY) basal diet which contained 0.008 mg/kg Se and the control group in which animals were fed the TY diet to which was added 0.10 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite.After 6 weeks of dietary treatment liver glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity had fallen in the Se-deficient rats to 2.4% of that of control rats. At this time (week 6) rats from the Se-deficient TY diet were refed diets containing 0.10 mg/kg Se as selenite, selenate, raw or cooked ground beef that had been freeze-dried. During the Se-repletion period rats were sacrificed at weeks 1, 3, 5 and 8. Liver GSHPx activity and total Se levels in liver and muscle tissue were the criteria of Se bioavailability. After 8 weeks of Se resupplementation the recovery of liver GSHPx activity compared to the control animals (set at 100%) were selenite (98%, p>0.05), selenate (117%, p<0.05), raw beef (127%, p<0.05) and cooked ground beef (139%, p<0.05). Total Se in both liver and muscle tissue reflected the liver GSHPx activity with the total Se concentration in tissues being highest for cooked beef.The data suggest that bioavailability of Se from ground beef is greater than that from either selenite or selenate.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718378

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the work of Stellman and Garfinkel who speculated, based on epidemiologic data, that users of intense sweeteners are more likely than nonusers to gain weight.We analyzed the study's design and statistical analysis to determine whether the conclusions of Stellman and Garfinkel were supported by the data.Several methodological flaws and inappropriate statistical analyses were identified. These included: use of data from an unrelated study for which they were not intended; failure to correct for bias due to convenience sampling; use of data from a subpopulation without validation; and stratification of subjects by outcome data.Our analysis indicates that the data from the study in question do not allow one to draw conclusions about a relationship between use of intense sweeteners and weight change. Furthermore, data from well-designed clinical trials have shown that aspartame is not associated with weight gain, and when used as part of a balanced deficit diet, can facilitate weight loss.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718379

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10738221

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor