摘要:

This study compares the prophylactic effects of two different diets and routes of feeding on restraint stress-induced gastric erosions in the rat. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were food-deprived and immobilized for 24 hours using a steel wire mesh. A small silicone tube was placed into either the proximal jejunum or the stomach via a laparotomy. There were three groups of ten rats (five jejunum-fed, five stomach-fed), receiving infusions (50 ml/24 h) of: (A) normal saline; (B) free amino acids (Vivonex HN, Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals) (60 cal and 0.318 G nitrogen); or (C) a peptide diet, with the nitrogen source as lactalbumin hydrolysate, otherwise identical to B. Gastric acidity was measured every 4 hours. At 24 hours, blood was collected and serum gastrin levels determined. The animals were then sacrificed and the stomachs examined. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Fewer gastric erosions and lower serum gastrin levels and gastric acidity were found in animals fed diets B and C, versus animals fed normal saline (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between groups B and C. Our results also show that enteral diets using the jejunal route are better than those using the gastric route in reducing the incidence of stress-induced gastric erosions in rats.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720176

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationships between ascorbic acid (plasma and dietary) and plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), total plasma cholesterol (T-C) and T-C:HDL-C ratio were examined in a population of 235 males and 445 females, age 60-98 years. Many known or suspected determinants of HDL-C and T-C, including age, sex, triceps skinfold thickness, fasting blood glucose, alcohol intake, and others, were considered as covariates due to their potential confounding or modifying effects on the relationships under study. The results show that plasma ascorbic acid is significantly (p less than 0.05) correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.09), T-C:HDL-C (r = 0.10), but not with T-C (r = 0.03). There is a strong age interaction with the largest effect of ascorbic acid in the youngest age group studied (60-69 years). The effects of dietary ascorbic acid are similar but slightly reduced in magnitude.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720177

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of the non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol (known for its anti-lipolytic activity) on body composition were investigated in growing male rats on normal unrestricted diet (N = 7) and on diet restriction (N = 7, 95% of controls). Three animals in each group were injected i.p. with 30 mg propranolol per kg body weight (bw) dissolved in saline, 5 days/week. This dose attenuates exercising heart rate by 25% and exercise training-induced enzyme activity. The remaining animals received saline. Fat, glycogen, moisture and non-ether extractable residue were determined in the homogenized residue of the whole animal. After 9 weeks on the experimental regimen, bw gain was significantly lower in the diet restricted rats, whereas propranolol had no effect on the bw gain. The percentage of fat, moisture and non-ether extractable residue were unchanged by either propranolol or diet restriction. However, glycogen content was significantly lower in the beta-blocked rats either with or without diet restriction. These data indicated that neither beta-adrenergic blockade nor minimal diet restriction influences the percentage body fat, whereas body glycogen content is decreased under both conditions.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720178

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It has been proposed that dietary linoleic acid lowers blood pressure (BP) by being converted to arachidonic acid and prostanoids of the two-ene series. We tested the effects of linoleic acid on plasma arachidonic acid, blood pressure, blood viscosity, and RBC cation transport. Oleic acid, the major dietary monounsaturated fat and which is not a prostanoid precursor, was used as a control. Seventeen adults consumed 23 g/d of linoleic acid or oleic acid provided by genetic variants of safflower seed, each for 4 weeks in a double-blind crossover design. Linoleic and oleic acids were enriched significantly in the plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids and triglycerides during the respective periods of supplementation but there was no increase in arachidonate. Mean BP was 116.1/76.8 during ingestion of oleic and 113.6/74.6 during ingestion of linoleic acid (p = 0.09 systolic, p = 0.12 diastolic). The power of the study was over 75% for detecting a significant (p less than 0.05) effect of 4 mm Hg in systolic BP or diastolic BP. Whole blood and plasma viscosity, and RBC Li/Na countertransport, Na/K cotransport, and Na pump systems (Vmax) were unchanged during the protocol. Therefore, variations in dietary linoleic or oleic acids are unlikely to have major effects on BP or on several membrane-dependent erythrocyte functions related to hypertension.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720179

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720180

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720181

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10738096

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10738099

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10738102

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10738104

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor