ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10738043

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The importance of better nutrition education in the medical school has become more recognized and emphasized in recent years. In an attempt to fulfill increasing needs for teaching programs, unproven approaches have often been used, thereby risking loss of both effectiveness of instruction and student interest. A retrospective evaluation of a decade of teaching experience at the University of Alabama in Birmingham has resulted in a better understanding of what problems may be encountered in the development of a nutrition education program. From this review, two factors appear to be of critical importance to a successful program: relevance of the course material to medical practice and the presence of a strong, positive role model as a physician-nutritionist. Five other factors that need to be considered, but often receive undue priorities, are also discussed.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718990

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nutrition and medicine interface in a variety of ways and combine to serve as a dynamic force in health as well as in disease. A conceptual understanding of this interrelationship is critical to the continued and effective development of clinical nutrition in medical education. The physician may play an important role in critical-care medicine, long-term health care, research, education, and preventive medicine. While there is great potential for the physician to impact on nutrition status in both health and disease, there is clear evidence that greater emphasis needs to be placed on providing adequate nutrition training for every physician.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718991

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Skeletal muscle biopsies, blood samples, and 24-hour urines, before and after magnesium infusions, were obtained from 12 patients who had undergone jejuno-ileal bypass surgery several years earlier, selected for probable magnesium deficiency on the basis of repeated hypomagnesemia. The patients retained significant amounts of the infused magnesium, and exhibited elevation of low skeletal muscle magnesium and potassium, with concomitant decreases of muscle sodium and chloride. These changes were accompanied by increased urinary calcium and sodium and decreased urinary phosphorus excretion.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718992

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This report describes various clinical and micro-nutrient abnormalities that existed in a 47-year-old woman who underwent a jejunoileal bypass operation. She exhibited extensive electrolyte, mineral, amino acid, and vitamin deficiencies. Amino acid absorption tests indicated an inability to absorb essential amino acids, especially the branched-chain and aromatic varieties. Vitamin absorption tests indicated an inability to notably absorb folic acid, niacin, vitamins B6, A, and E; the fat-soluble beta-carotene (provitamin A) was not absorbed from the diet. A liver biopsy revealed that 80% of the tissue was filled with fatty cysts. The ensuing liver disease compounded with biochemical abnormalities due to the bypass, contributed to the patient's death.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718993

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Zinc, lead, and cadmium were measured in the myocardium (left and right ventricles) and aorta of 14 women and 12 men who had died from acute myocardial infarction (MI), and of 12 control women and 15 control men who had died of acute trauma. Mineral content of the necrotic areas of the MI patients was also determined. There was little significant correlation with age, and sex could not be shown to influence the cation concentrations. Significantly larger concentrations of lead and cadmium were observed in the right ventricle of women controls. In the four populations, significantly higher zinc concentrations were found in the left ventricle. Lead and cadmium levels in aortas were consistently higher than those in left ventricles, whereas zinc levels were always lower. The lead content in the ventricles and aorta of MI victims was consistently greater than for control subjects, though the difference was not significant. However, in the necrotic area, a significant decrease in zinc concentration was noted. These results are discussed and compared with other results published previously. It is concluded that studies in this area must be continued as there are still many uncertainties.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718994

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A group of 11 normolipidemic and a group of 16 hyperlipidemic adult subjects were given orally 20 gm daily of a high-chromium brewer's yeast (2.4 micrograms Cr+++/gm, ie, 48 micrograms Cr+++ daily) for 8 weeks. A significant decrease in total cholesterol in both groups of subjects was observed (24-26 mg/dl). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly increased (5-6 mg/dl) in normo- and hyperlipidemic subjects by brewer's yeast supplementation. However, following supplementation, the triglyceride blood levels were not changed in either the normo- or hyperlipidemic group. When the multiple complex risk factor (total cholesterol/HDL-C) was calculated, 84% of all subjects receiving brewer's yeast showed a decrease in this ratio, and the mean decrease in this ratio in all subjects was significant at P less than 0.01. A second group of 19 normolipidemic, predominantly male, adult subjects was given orally 10 gm of a high-chromium brewer's yeast (2.4 micrograms/gm, ie, 24 micrograms Cr+++ daily) for 8 weeks. The total circulating serum cholesterol was significantly decreased by a modest amount in this group after supplementation. The HDL-C levels were significantly increased (4 mg/dl). The total cholesterol/HDL ratio was decreased in 79% of the subjects, and the mean TC/HDL-C decrease of the entire group was significant at P less than 0.01.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718995

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ectopic calcification may be a complication of a wide variety of pathologic conditions. Subcutaneous calcification frequently results in restriction of motion at joints in addition to cosmetic deformity. Parenchymal tissue calcification may result in decreased organ function. Dietary phosphate restriction and total body phosphate depletion with aluminum containing antacids were used in an attempt to decrease the deposition of subcutaneous calcium phosphate which occurs with two separate syndromes. Two subjects with hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis were studied by metabolic balance, by long-term clinical evaluation, and routine laboratory and radiographic techniques before and after 1 year of phosphate depletion. One patient with a newly described syndrome—normocalcemic, hypercalciuric, subcutaneous calcification—was similarly studied. The etiology of this disorder is unknown. No consistent clinically significant evidence of regression of the lesions was noted in either syndrome, although one patient with tumoral calcinosis did demonstrate some regression of his lesions. It is not clear if this response failure was due to the intrinsic nature of the diseases or to failure of patient compliance secondary to a relatively unpalatable diet.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718996

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The exposure of female inbred virgin C3H/St mice infected with the Bittner particle to a commercial brand of beer increases body weight but has no significant effects on survival, the incidence of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma, tumor latency, or growth even on continuous administration of beer in place of drinking water over the entire postweaning lifespan of the animals. Prolactin excretion in young beer-group mice was slightly elevated but not significantly different from the prolactin levels observed in normally maintained control animals.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718997

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) participating in the PKU Collaborative Study were found to be overweight on average by age 4, particularly the girls. A search was made for factors that were most highly associated with a child's overweight status at age 4, in order to help understand the etiology of the problem, as well as to help predict who would be at highest risk of becoming overweight by 4 years. For the analyses, the PKU children who were above the 93rd percentile of weight for their height and sex at age 4 were classified as overweight, and this group was compared to the normal weight PKU children. Among scores of variables measured on the 151 children during their first 2 years of life, overweight (excess weight for height) at 24 months was the best predictor of overweight status at 4 years. Other probable risk factors of being overweight at 4 years were lower socioeconomic status (for both sexes) and overweight parents and large stature (for the girls only). Factors that were not significantly related to overweight status included the level of restriction of the diet therapy for PKU, energy intake during the first 4 years of life, and the diet composition (protein/energy ratio).

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718998

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor