摘要:

A nutritional assessment was performed upon 72 patients admitted for major elective gynecologic surgery for nonmalignant diseases. This nutritional assessment included body weight, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum albumin and transferrin, total lymphocyte count, and dermal antigen testing. We found that 29 patients (42%) had at least one test result indicating a nutritional deficiency. Of the 72 patients, 19 (26%) experienced a postoperative complication. The occurrence of a complication did not correlate with any nutritional parameter other than albumin (p = 0.013), but even then, the positive predictive value of albumin was only 40%. Age also correlated with complication status (p = 0.002).

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720091

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article describes the importance of monitoring the respiratory quotient for patients on total parenteral nutrition. Two reasons are given: prevention of fat accumulation in the liver and alleviation of potential respiratory distress secondary to excess glucose.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720092

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new device for assessment of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity using seven standardized antigens (Multitest CMI) was compared to conventional intradermal testing with two recall antigens in 83 patients referred for nutritional support. Sixteen patients (19.3%) were anergic to Multitest CMI while four (4.8%) were anergic to conventional testing. Patients anergic to Multitest CMI had a higher complication (intraabdominal abscess, prolonged ileus, sepsis, pneumonia) than those who were immunocompetent by this test suggesting a group at greater risk. This interpretation is consistent with an increased specificity of Multitest CMI over conventional testing in the identification of clinically important anergy.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720093

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This report describes the procedures for and feasibility of an evaluation program that provides a direct assessment of the use of specific clinical skills during an interview with a simulated patient. The specific aims of this evaluation were to assess untrained graduate students in nutrition on their application of a set of 31 specific clinical skills for resolving dietary adherence problems. Each student conducted two interviews with each of two different simulated patients with hyperlipidemia presenting typical problems following a diet low in saturated fat and cholestrol. The evaluation program provided analyses that identified the strengths and deficits of each student and the performance of the entire group. It is suggested that the evaluation program offers a practical, objective method for examining the entry-level clinical skills of students in training and may be useful in other educational programs (eg, in-service, continuing education workshops).

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720094

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Plasma and skeletal muscle electrolytes were measured in 13 patients with Crohn's disease, and in an age- and sex-matched reference group. Patients with Crohn's disease demonstrated significantly lower muscle potassium content (p less than 0.01) than did controls. Patients with extensive involvement of the bowel tended to have lower muscle potassium content. The patient population did not differ significantly from the controls with regard to skeletal muscle magnesium content but displayed a far wider range of values. Our results indicate that potassium depletion is present in nonresected patients with Crohn's disease.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720095

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Impact of vitamin supplements upon dietary intakes of eight vitamins was examined in 10- and 13-year-old children randomly selected from a biracial community, Bogalusa, LA. More younger children reported taking supplements daily (17%) than did adolescents (12%). Over 90% of the children surveyed had dietary intakes of vitamin E and niacin that met or exceeded the RDA. One-half to two-thirds of children using supplements had adequate intakes of ascorbic acid from diet alone. Children who most needed ascorbic acid supplements were the least likely to take them. One-quarter to one-half of the children did not consume the RDA levels of vitamin A, thiamine, and riboflavin. Adolescents had less adequate vitamin A intakes than younger children. In all surveys, a higher proportion of girls than boys had intakes that did not meet the RDA for vitamins B6 and B12. Vitamin intakes of Bogalusa children and adolescents were comparable to other U.S. surveys. Inclusion of vitamin E and niacin in supplements may be unnecessary.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720096

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Assessment of magnesium (Mg) status by serum and 24 hr urine estimations has been used to study 25 patients with severe Crohn's disease. Mg depletion was found to be present in 21 (84%), of whom eight (32%) had both low serum and low urine Mg levels. Only four patients (16%) had normal serum and normal urine Mg. Fifteen of the 25 patients required intravenous nutrition (IVN). A combined low serum and urine Mg was found in five of 14 patient-weeks in which less than 5 mmol Mg/24 hr was given but in none of 42 patient-weeks in which 5-10 mmol/24 hr was given and none of 65 patient-weeks in which greater than 10 mmol Mg IV/24 hr was given. Mg deficiency was statistically significantly more likely to occur in patients taking less than 5 mmol IV Mg/24 hr. After discharge, five patients who had been treated with IVN were found to have recurrent low serum Mg levels over some months, and symptoms in this group were common--muscle cramps, tetany, and bone pain. A high dose of Mg supplements was required, of the order of 60 mmol oral Mg/24 hr, to prevent magnesium deficiency in these patients.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720097

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720098

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720099

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Total urinary nitrogen (TUN) and urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) in a 24-hour urine collection were measured under a variety of clinical and nutritional conditions in 81 patients for 564 study days. The difference between TUN and UUN averaged 1.8 +/−0.9 g/day (range 0.0-5.8 g/day) and was independent of the absolute value for UUN. Since UUN was found to correlate linearly with TUN (R = 0.98) over a wide range of values, it is possible to estimate an approximate TUN excretion by adding a constant to the nitrogen excreted as urea. On the basis of the measured mean difference, we suggest using an estimate of 2 g of nitrogen per day. We feel this will not seriously under- or overestimate urinary nitrogen excretion in the calculation of nitrogen balance for the clinical management of nutritional support therapies. Since all hospitals can perform this routine test, it provides an effective, simple, and rapid method to follow accurately the protein catabolic response during disease and response to nutritional therapy. This method, without the supporting data presented here, has previously been recommended [Blackburn et al, 1977, JPEN 1:11-22] and has become a widely used technique for nutritional assessment.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1985.10720100

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor