摘要:

Dietary intake analysis, over 7 days, of 120 randomly selected Nigerian University students aged 17-26 years, disclosed deviations from internationally accepted standards. The students were in residence at the University, where all meals were provided. Food preferences and habits were determined by questionnaire, and nutrient intake was calculated from weighed meals eaten over a 7-day period. Food intake of 95% of the students did not differ from that at home; 73% missed breakfast. The energy intake of the men (14.79 +/−1.49 MJ/day) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of women (13.82 +/−0.68 MJ/day); the differences increased in the older students. The energy ingested exceeded that recommended by the FAO/WHO. Protein intakes was 95.6 +/−20.69 g/day and 102.2 +/−10.9 g/day for women and men, respectively, also substantially above the FAO/WHO recommendations. Thiamin and vitamin A intakes were above and riboflavin intake of men and of the 20-26-year-old women was below requirements. The intakes of iron were above, and of calcium were below the FAO recommendation of 0.5 g/day.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720201

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many publications indicate the beneficial effect of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) in the control of coronary heart disease and diabetes, although the mechanism is not clear. Some of our previous results suggest that, in contrast to other lipids, n-6 PUFAs could have a permissive effect on carbohydrate oxidation. To check this hypothesis, we determined pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH, decarboxylase: EC 1.2.4.1) activity in infant skin fibroblasts (ISF) incubated 6 hours in the presence of 0.25 mM linoleic (LI) or arachidonic (AR) acid, compared to oleic acid (OL) and control ISF incubated without addition of fatty acids. The four groups of cells were preincubated 36 hours either in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), or in the presence of lipoprotein-deprived serum (LPDS). Results: (1) When the ISF were maintained in the medium containing FBS, the two PUFAs had little inhibitory effect on PDH activity, in contrast with the effect of OL. (2) When the ISF were kept in the lipoprotein-deficient medium, PDH activity was low in controls and in the OL cells, but the addition of LI or AR increased the activity. This suggests the role of n-6 PUFAs in enhancing carbohydrate oxidation, under certain conditions.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720202

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diabetes, the most common metabolic disease, is responsible for the deaths of over 300,000 Americans annually. The incidence of the disease increases with age and since the U.S. population is graying, prevalence is also increasing. Obesity and family history are strong predictors of diabetes. The etiology of Type II diabetes is heterogeneous. The hyperglycemia of Type II diabetes can result from a variety of metabolic defects including impaired beta cell secretion, receptor deficiencies, or abnormal hepatic production or uptake of glucose. Other glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, thyroid hormones, somatostatin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide may contribute to the aberrations of carbohydrate metabolism. Environmental factors including stress, diet, and exercise may also contribute to the disease. Since most diabetics are obese, weight loss should be the first priority in improving status. A variety of diet and exercise regimens may help achieve this goal or even improve glucose control without weight loss. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease individualized treatment must be used to improve status of patients with the various metabolic defects of Type II diabetes.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720203

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for morbid obesity can cause metabolic and electrolyte imbalances. Another case of severe, symptomatic magnesium deficiency after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery is described. This complication was not encountered in a prospective evaluation of the magnesium status after gastric restrictive bypass surgery. Significant (p less than 0.005) body weight decrease was not accompanied by any (serum, erythrocyte or urinary) evidence of magnesium loss for 12 months after surgery.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720204

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10737928

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10737929

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10737930

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor