ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10738162

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of intense military training on lipoprotein concentrations were monitored in a group of 44 Navy trainees. Dietary intakes and lipoprotein profiles were obtained before and after 5 weeks of physical conditioning and after 5 days of continuous, extremely intense physical and psychological stress. Body weight did not change significantly and dietary intakes were consistently high in saturated fat and cholesterol. After physical conditioning, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were unchanged, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations increased 31% (p less than 0.05). After 5 days of severe stress, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased 17.2% and 30%, respectively (p less than 0.05), whereas HDL concentrations increased 12.1%. These data indicate that marked changes in lipoprotein profiles occur, not only with long-term physical conditioning, but also with strenuous training that lasts several days, despite high energy, fat, and cholesterol intakes.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720410

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The glycemic index (GI) was determined in 36 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients who were fed 50 g carbohydrate portions of six Indian conventional foods, including rice, a combination of rice-legume (Bengalgram, peas, and greengram), and a combination of rice-dal (greengram dal and redgram dal—dal is dehusked and split legume). In addition to the GI, triglyceride (TG) responses of these foods were also determined. A higher GI was obtained for rice and for rice with peas; all other combinations yielded lower glycemic indices. However, all the foods produced significantly lower blood glucose response 2 hours postprandially as compared with blood glucose responses to a 50 g glucose load for the same group. No significant difference was observed for TG responses to the different foods.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720411

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diabetics often consume dietetic foods with sorbitol as the sweetener. Sorbitol, in amounts as little as 10 g. may produce diarrhea in healthy individuals. Sorbitol intolerance was studied in 12 diabetics and 23 nondiabetics. Similar numbers of diabetics (n = 10, 83.3%) and nondiabetics (n = 18, 78.3%) were found intolerant as judged by a greater than or equal to 20 ppm rise in postprandial breath hydrogen levels. Six diabetics (50%) and 13 nondiabetics (56.5%) developed abdominal symptoms after sorbitol ingestion. Subsequently, 100 diabetics and 100 nondiabetics were interviewed to determine the relationship between regular sorbitol consumption and abdominal symptoms. The interview revealed that (1) most individuals consuming sorbitol were unaware of its presence in their diet and (2) diarrhea was significantly (p less than 0.001) more prevalent in diabetics consuming sorbitol than diabetics not consuming it. We conclude that (1) many diabetics are intolerant to sorbitol and (2) regular sorbitol consumption may explain the“idiopathic”diarrhea in some diabetics.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720412

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Calcium absorption from calcium citrate was compared with that obtained from calcium carbonate in 20 normal women. It was measured by external forearm counting technique, where the ratio of forearm radioactivity after an oral dose of labeled calcium salt (containing 500 mg calcium) and after an intravenous injection of trace radiocalcium represented fractional calcium absorption. The fractional calcium absorption from calcium citrate was 39.2 +/−8.6%, which was significantly higher than the 31.2 +/−9.4% derived from calcium carbonate (p less than 0.001). Seventeen subjects displayed greater calcium absorption from calcium citrate. The remaining three patients, with a lower calcium absorption from the citrate salt, had high levels of calcium absorption from calcium carbonate. It is concluded that calcium is better absorbed from calcium citrate than calcium carbonate when these salts are taken on an empty stomach in most women. The exception might be those with optimum calcium absorption from calcium carbonate.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720413

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Eighteen women participated in a prospective study to assess the need for supplemental riboflavin after gastroplasty. Three groups of five patients received either a placebo or 0.6 or 1.2 mg riboflavin daily for up to 12 months, except during months 4 and 7 when all participants were given a“one-a-day”supplement containing 1.7 mg riboflavin. Dietary intakes of riboflavin decreased from 1.43 +/−0.17 mg before the operation to 0.70 +/−0.07 mg at 3 months, and then increased to 1.02 +/−0.17 mg by 6 months. Even at 12 months, only 33% of the subjects had dietary intakes greater than or equal to 1.2 mg. All those with total intakes less than or equal to 1.7 mg at 3 months had impaired riboflavin status, as indicated by an erythrocyte gluthatione reductase activity coefficient greater than 1.40 and an erythrocyte riboflavin concentration less than 372 nmol/L. In contrast, 62% of the same subjects had urinary riboflavin excretion in the acceptable range. Supplemental intake of 1.7 mg riboflavin appeared to prevent tissue depletion in all subjects.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720414

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The health and nutritional status (anthropometry, and blood and urine biochemistry) of 44 Dutch apparently healthy vegetarians, aged 65-97 years, refraining from meat, fish, and poultry consumption, was assessed for insight into long-term consequences of ovo-lacto- or lacto-vegetarianism. The results indicate that in comparison to omnivorous elderly the vegetarian elderly (especially men) have aged successfully with respect to cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, vegetarian elderly are at a higher risk for a marginal iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 status. Although several vegetarian elderly showed low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma and many had low values of 24-hr urine volume (per kg body weight), these values are not likely the result of a vegetarian diet per se. It is concluded that, although some nutrition-related risks are prevalent among vegetarian elderly, these risks can probably be prevented by lifestyle changes.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720415

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) (Humatrope, Eli Lilly&Co., Indianapolis, IN) administration in postoperative (PO) patients receiving peripheral vein nutrition. Seven, well-nourished, nondiabetic patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were given either no drug (n = 3), GH 30 micrograms/kg/day (n = 2), or GH 60 micrograms/kg/day (n = 2) sub-Q daily until eating, up to 7 days PO. All the patients received 5% dextrose with electrolytes in the first 24 hours PO and then received calories at 80 +/−5% of the measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and amino acid at 1 g/kg/day with electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals. There were no significant outcome differences between the 30 and 60 micrograms/kg/day groups and, therefore, these groups were analyzed together (n = 4). By day 6 of the study, the GH group had a significant reduction in the respiratory quotient (RQ) measured by indirect calorimetry; an increase in nitrogen retention; an increase in plasma transferrin concentrations; and an increase in plasma insulinlike growth factor (IGF1) concentration. There was no increase in blood glucose concentrations, or decrease in urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion; and no adverse effects occurred. We concluded that GH in PO patients on hypocaloric nutrition promoted protein synthesis, fat oxidation, and nitrogen retention. Effective parenteral nutritional support in postoperative adult patients can be achieved without the use of central vein access.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720416

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of severe and moderate magnesium (Mg) deficiency on blood and urinary histamine were studied in 36 male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats with or without IgE-stimulating antigen challenge. The rats were divided into six groups: two each on 50 (severely deficient), 300 (moderately deficient), and 2000 (control) ppm Mg diets without and with immunization with ovalbumin challenge on days 0, 14, and 29. Unimmunized severely Mg-deficient rats had significantly elevated urinary histamine which returned to normal by 22 days, but whole blood histamine was still significantly elevated at 36 days. Both blood and urinary histamine of immunized severely Mg-deficient rats were significantly higher than those of all the other groups throughout the study, particularly after the antigen challenge. There was a synergism of antigen challenge and severe Mg deficiency on blood and urinary histamine levels. The results suggest that severe Mg deficiency can aggravate diseases which are caused by abnormal histamine release after exposure to an IgE-stimulating antigen.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720417

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To study the contributions of genetics to food selection in an omnivorous species, rats of two strains and rats derived from reciprocal crosses of the two strains were compared. In addition, offspring of rats that accepted a specific food (ham) were compared with offspring of rats that refused the same food, and food selection of males was compared with that of females. Both homozygous nonobese Zucker rats and Zucker×Sprague-Dawley hybrid rats ate butterscotch, semisweet chocolate, and ground beef more often than Sprague-Dawley rats did. In contrast, Zucker rats ate ham more often than hybrid rats did, and hybrid rats in turn ate ham more often than Sprague-Dawley rats did. Rats produced by the two reciprocal crosses were similar to each other in food selection, ruling out maternal environment effects as the explanation for differences between Zucker and Sprague-Dawley rats. Hybrid rats selected for rejecting ham produced offspring that ate ham less often than did offspring of rats that accepted ham. Females ate semisweet chocolate more often than males did. We conclude that, contrary to the widely accepted view, heredity significantly influences specific food choices in an omnivorous species.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720418

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor