ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10738041

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fourteen normotensive men (7 black, 7 white) were studied following equilibration during dietary sodium intake of 10, 300, 600, 800, 1200, and 1500 mEq sodium per day. Significant (p less than 0.05) increases in mean arterial blood pressure were seen after sodium intake of 800 mEq/d. Blood pressure increased at lower levels of sodium intake (800 mEq/d) and to a greater magnitude (21 mm Hg) in blacks than in whites (1200 mEq/d; 13 mm Hg). Sodium loading was associated with marked suppression of plasma renin activity, aldosterone and norepinephrine, and increases in cardiac index. At higher levels of sodium intake urinary potassium loss was seen. A subsequent experiment replacing urinary potassium losses as they occurred in six subjects demonstrated attenuation of the blood pressure increases seen in response to dietary sodium loading. These studies demonstrate a potential role for sodium and potassium in blood pressure regulation in normotensive man, and suggest that heterogeneity of response may be involved in the development of hypertension in individuals predisposed to avid sodium conservation.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718981

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Long-term diuretic treatment of patients with congestive heart failure is often complicated by hyponatremia and resistance to diuretic treatment, as well as by hypokalemia. Less widely recognized is the increase in intracellular sodium in the presence of hyponatremia, and loss of magnesium, caused by sustained diuretic therapy. Because the sodium pump, which maintains intracellular sodium and potassium against a concentration gradient, is dependent on optimal magnesium levels, we have investigated the influence of magnesium infusions on serum and skeletal muscle levels of sodium and potassium in congestive heart failure patients with electrolyte disturbances. Because aldosteronism, such as accompanies the disease and diuretic treatment, increases intracellular sodium, we have measured intracellular sodium and potassium in six patients given a new aldosterone antagonist (canrenone). It lowered the muscle sodium and raised the muscle potassium and magnesium, and slightly raised the serum sodium. The magnesium infusions, given to eight patients, significantly increased the serum sodium and lowered the muscle sodium levels, and normalized both serum and subnormal muscle potassium levels.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718982

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The postnatal time courses in preterm infants (30.0 weeks mean gestational age) of serum copper and ceruloplasmin (Cp) are described and compared. Serum copper was measured by nonflame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and serum Cp was measured by both immunodiffusion (Cpi) and enzyme assay (Cpe). With the exception of Cpe between 7 and 11 weeks of age, correlations among the three laboratory parameters were excellent. Following an early rise in all values, a plateau was seen in copper and Cpi between 5 and 11 weeks; Cpe showed a discordant fall at 7 to 11 weeks of age. After 11 weeks a secondary and definitive rise in all values was seen. Examination of individual time courses indicates the existence of a subgroup of infants with falling values between 5 and 11 weeks of age. Preterm infants had significantly higher serum copper (0.53 +/−0.05 micrograms/ml) at a mean postnatal age of 10 weeks (39-41 weeks postconception) than did full-term infants (0.44 +/−0.04 microns/ml) of similar postconceptional age. Low serum copper values were correlated with parenteral nutrition deficient in copper, with increased growth rates, and with twin pregnancies. It is concluded that extrauterine life in preterm infants is associated with precocious rises in serum copper and Cp values. The subgroup of infants with falling values may represent subclinically copper-deficient infants. This subgroup may bias the results of grouped data downwards. A role for nutritional factors in the delayed postnatal rise of serum copper and Cp values in preterm infants cannot be excluded on the basis of current knowledge.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718983

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) there were 3,479 persons aged 65-74 years corresponding to 12,773,000 in this age group in the total population. Presented here are major findings on the nutritional status of this age group in respect to 1) dietary intake (based on a 24-hour recall) and dietary frequency, 2) selected biochemical and hematological tests, 3) prevalences of clinical signs associated with deficiencies of nine essential nutrients, and 4) selected anthropometric measurements. These findings will be presented by sex, two racial groups (black and white), and two income groups (poverty index ratio (PIR) below and above unity). Some correlations between clinical signs and dietary intake comparing persons with signs and those without signs are shown. Some trends between dietary intake and biochemical values, on the one hand, and biochemical values and clinical signs, on the other hand, will be touched upon. The findings are discussed in relation to dietary adequacy and nutritional risk of the different subgroups. Some paradoxical results are discussed and the need for urgent research on the so-called secondary or conditioned deficiencies specifically in this age group are pointed out.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718984

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Magnesium is a known inhibitor of the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine and was proposed for prophylactic treatment in renal stone disease as early as the 17th and 18th centuries. We have treated 55 patients with recurrent renal calcium stone disease without signs of magnesium deficiency (normal serum magnesium, urinary magnesium, intracellular magnesium in muscle biopsies, gastrointestinal absorption of 28Mg, and magnesium loading test) from our outpatient stone clinic for up to four years with 500 mg Mg2+, in the form of Mg(OH)2, daily. The mean stone episode rate before therapy was 0.8 stones/year/patient. Forty-three recurrent renal calcium stone-formers without medical therapy served as controls. Serum magnesium increased initially but after one year returned to the pretreatment level. Urinary magnesium excretion increased promptly and remained elevated during the follow-up period. The urinary calcium excretion remained unchanged. The magnesium/calcium ratio in the urine increased and approached a value earlier found in healthy subjects without stone disease. Urinary citrate increased on therapy when analysed after three years of treatment. The mean stone episode rate decreased from 0.8 to 0.08 stones/year on treatment and 85% of the patients remained free of recurrence during follow-up, whereas 59% of the patients in the control group continued their stone formation. Side effects were few. Magnesium treatment in renal calcium stone disease is effective with few side effects. No clinical signs of magnesium excess were observed.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718985

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The weight loss of 16 obese patients (greater than 130% ideal body weight) who participated for three months in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary weight reduction program was studied. Patients were divided into two groups based on the reported time of onset of their obesity. Childhood-onset obesity was defined in this study as marked weight gain by the age of 11. Adult-onset obesity was defined as weight gain occurring at 18 years of age or later. Each group of patients consisted of two males and six females. The childhood-onset obesity group lost significantly more weight than the adult-onset obesity group during this three-month period (19.45 +/−3.6% versus 16.17 +/−2.8%). This preliminary study suggests that patients with childhood-onset obesity tend to lose more weight in a comprehensive multidisciplinary weight reduction program than patients with adult onset obesity.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718986

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Alcohol ingestion during pregnancy is known to cause fetal malformation and growth retardation. We investigated the effect of alcohol on mineral content and fetal development in rats fed 24% (v/v) alcohol eight weeks prior to and during pregnancy. Rats ingesting alcohol produced fewer fetuses (6.3 +/−0.3 vs 9.6 +/−0.3 in control) with lower fetal weight (3.48 +/−0.09 vs 4.12 +/−0.08 gm in control) and heavier placentas (0.66 +/−0.05 vs 0.50 +/−0.01 gm in control). The fetuses of alcoholic rats contained lower zinc (423.8 +/−4.5 vs 459.9 +/−5.4 microEq/100 gm dry weight in control) and magnesium (12.4 +/−0.1 vs 12.7 +/−0.1 mEq/100 gm dry weight in control) in the total carcass.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718987

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in the elderly has been explained as an outcome of multiple drug usage and slowed drug metabolism. Altered drug disposition occurs with aging but aging may not explain either the alteration in the rates of metabolism of specific drugs in older people or ADR. It is proposed that changes in the rates of drug metabolism in older people may be diet-related. Designs of human studies to separate effects of age from those of diet on drug metabolism are described. Examples are given of acute and chronic ADR that are diet or nutrition related. It is concluded that control of the diet is not only important in investigations of drug metabolism but also as a means of reducing the incidence of ADR in geriatric clinical practice.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718988

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Long-term high-dosage penicillamine treatment of patients with advanced stages of diseases with autoimmune components has resulted in very few adverse reactions in a series of over 50 such patients also given selected nutrients: pyridoxine, zinc and magnesium (which penicillamine inactivates or chelates), and vitamins B1, B12, and E (which have sulfhydryl-protective activity). The patients on this regimen have been essentially free of the side effects that occur in about a third of patients treated with penicillamine without such supplements. Reports of myasthenia gravis—a disease with abnormalities of the thymus and of T-cells, as a side effect of penicillamine—suggest that zinc, magnesium, and pyridoxine might be the agents most likely to be protective. Pyridoxine is necessary for cellular accumulation of zinc and magnesium, deficiencies of which have caused thymic and other immunologic abnormalities. Whether the other vitamins administered contribute to the favorable results requires further study.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1982.10718989

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor