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1. |
Transient partial growth hormone deficiency due to zinc deficiency. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 93-97
NishiY,
HatanoS,
AiharaK,
FujieA,
KiharaM,
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摘要:
We present here a 13-year-old boy with partial growth hormone deficiency due to chronic mild zinc deficiency. When zinc administration was started, his growth rate, growth hormone levels, and plasma zinc concentrations increased significantly. His poor dietary intake resulted in chronic mild zinc deficiency, which in turn could be the cause of a further loss of appetite and growth retardation. There was also a possibility of renal zinc wasting which may have contributed to zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency should be carefully ruled out in patients with growth retardation.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720283
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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2. |
Esophageal cancer and microelements. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 99-107
BarchD H,
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摘要:
Epidemiological studies have identified dietary zinc deficiency, methylbenzylnitrosamine, and ethanol as factors strongly associated with an increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma in man. In addition, these studies have identified other trace elements which may also affect the incidence of esophageal carcinoma. Animal models have confirmed that dietary zinc deficiency increases the incidence of methylbenzylnitrosamine-induced esophageal carcinoma and that dietary zinc deficiency also increases the incidence of other dialkylnitrosamine-induced carcinomas. The dialkylnitrosamine carcinogens are activated by NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 enzymes in their target tissues. The activated methylbenzylnitrosamine methylates DNA, forming O6-methylguanine adducts. These O6-methylguanine adducts can lead to point mutations in DNA, and such mutations are known to be responsible for the induction of certain carcinogen-induced tumors. We have demonstrated that dietary zinc deficiency increased the cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal metabolism of methylbenzylnitrosamine and dimethylnitrosamine, two members of this class of dialkylnitrosamine carcinogens, while the addition of zinc in vitro noncompetitively inhibits the microsomal metabolism of these carcinogens. We have also demonstrated that dietary zinc deficiency is associated with an increased formation of O6-methylguanine in the esophageal DNA of zinc-deficient animals treated with methylbenzylnitrosamine. This increased formation of the mutagenic DNA adduct O6-methylguanine may explain the increased incidence of dialkylnitrosamine-induced carcinomas observed with dietary zinc deficiency. Other trace elements, including molybdenum, selenium, and magnesium, may also alter the incidence of esophageal carcinoma, but studies of these elements are not as conclusive as the epidemiological and experimental studies linking dietary zinc deficiency with an increased incidence of human esophageal carcinoma.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720284
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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3. |
Dietary influences on cardiovascular disease risk in anabolic steroid-using and nonusing bodybuilders. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 109-119
KleinerS M,
CalabreseL H,
FiedlerK M,
NaitoH K,
SkibinskiC I,
FielderK M,
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摘要:
Recent studies have described an association between high-risk lipoprotein profiles and anabolic steroid abuse by athletes. However, none have included a comprehensive evaluation of diet as a confounding variable. The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its associations with drug abuse, dietary patterns, and training regimens were evaluated in 18 steroid-using (SU) and 17 non-steroid-using (NSU; no history of drug use or greater than or equal to 1 year drug-free) male bodybuilders. CVD risk was also evaluated in 10 control males. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and HDL subfractions 2 and 3, low-density (LDL) and very-low-density (VLDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, apoproteins (APO) A-1 and B, and triglycerides (TG) were analyzed at baseline (greater than or equal to 6 months drug-free) and the peak of steroid self-administration in SU. NSU were tested at similar times. Baseline CVD risk factor ratios (TC/HDL) were elevated (greater than 4.97) in 44% of SU and 24% of NSU. When baseline LDL and HDL values were compared to National Cholesterol Education Program CVD risk guidelines, these percentages stayed the same. At the peak of steroid administration significant changes were observed in LDL (22% increase), HDL (63% decrease), HDL-2 (86% decrease), HDL-3 (54% decrease), and TC/HDL (85% increase). No similar measures were observed among NSU or controls. Diets of all bodybuilders were similar, and included a daily intake of 5739 (+/- 2500) kcal, 324 (+/- 163) g protein, 637 (+/- 259) g carbohydrate, 214 (+/- 109) g fat, 5 (+/- 8) g alcohol, 1413 (+/- 1151) mg cholesterol, and a P/S ratio of 0.6 (+/- 0.3). Significant relationships between dietary fats and serum lipids were observed in the NSU. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were correlated with TG and VLDL (r = 0.69; p = 0.01), and TC/HDL (r = 0.06; p = 0.04). Total fats were correlated with TG (r = 0.57; p = 0.05), HDL-3 (r = -0.62; p = 0.04), and VLDL (r = 0.57; p = 0.05), and saturated fats with HDL-3 (r = -0.59; p = 0.055). Diet was moderately associated with lipoproteins in SU, but steroids had a much greater influence on CVD risk. Despite disease promoting diets NSU had relatively average CVD risk that may be attributed to protective effects of rigorous training.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720285
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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4. |
Carnitine femoral arterial-venous differences in the stressed critically ill. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 121-124
ScholtenD J,
DavisA T,
AlbrechtR M,
MorganR E,
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摘要:
Femoral arterial and venous carnitine concentrations from critically ill patients were measured in order to determine if the large urinary carnitine excretions seen in these patients was associated with a net loss of carnitine from skeletal muscle. Bloods were drawn two or three times during the 7-day study period. A 24-hr urine sample was obtained on the same day. The arterial-venous difference for free carnitine plus short chain acylcarnitine was -2.8 +/−0.9 microM (means +/−SEM), and -2.7 +/−1.0 microM for total carnitine. Both values were significantly less than zero (p less than 0.05). Median urinary free carnitine excretion was 1237 mumol/day while the median acylcarnitine excretion was 544 mumol/day. We conclude that skeletal muscle in these patients is in negative carnitine balance, and is at least one source of the increase in carnitine excretion seen in critically ill patients.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720286
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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5. |
Maternal milk and plasma glucose and insulin levels: studies in normal and diabetic subjects. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 125-131
JovanovicL,
FuhrmannK,
HeddenK,
WalkerL,
PetersonC M,
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摘要:
The relationship between maternal glucose levels and the concentration of glucose and insulin levels in human milk from diabetic women has not been elucidated. In addition, the rate of appearance of intravenously injected insulin to the change in concentration of insulin in maternal milk has not been studied. To study this relationship of glucose levels in serum to glucose levels in milk, maternal milk and glucose levels were measured in diabetic lactating women (n = 7) and nondiabetic lactating women (n = 10). In addition, the change in milk concentration of insulin was studied after an intravenous injection of insulin. The maternal whole blood glucose in the seven diabetic women was stabilized at a baseline blood glucose of approximately 100 mg/dl and then elevated with an infusion of intravenous glucose to a level of three times baseline (approximately 300 mg/dl for up to 2 hours). The plasma glucose was then lowered back to baseline with intravenous insulin over 20 minutes. The baseline serum insulin and glucose levels were compared to nonlactating women who donated serum to measure insulin levels in normal controls. Maternal milk glucose levels rise following an increase of plasma glucose levels with a lag time to the peak glucose level of 40-90 minutes, and return to baseline following the return of plasma glucose to baseline with a lag time of 120-150 minutes. Baseline milk insulin levels are elevated in hyperinsulinemic women and the levels of insulin in the milk will rise dramatically above baseline values after an intravenous injection of insulin with a lag time to the peak of concentration in milk of 60-80 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720287
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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6. |
Alterations of serum and urinary carnitine profiles in cancer patients: hypothesis of possible significance. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 133-142
DodsonW L,
SachanD S,
KraussS,
HannaW,
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摘要:
The present study examined the serum and urinary carnitine concentrations of 21 cancer patients with metastatic disease and 13 healthy age-matched controls by taking three consecutive samples during an 8-week period. The serum concentrations of all fractions of carnitine were significantly lower in the female cancer patients than in the female controls. The concentrations of urinary carnitine fractions were relatively higher in the total cancer population; however, only acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) was statistically significant. The renal clearance of acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC) and AIAC was significantly greater in cancer subjects than in controls. Significant inverse relationships were established between the ASAC and AIAC clearances and their respective serum concentrations. The renal tubular reabsorption of AIAC was significantly less in cancer patients than in control subjects as indicated by the fractional excretion of carnitine. The increased clearance of acylcarnitine and excretion of large amounts of AIAC are proposed to be a response to chemotherapy and represent a loss of energy to the cancer patient.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720288
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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7. |
A cross-sectional ecological analysis of blood pressure and its determinants in eleven Pacific populations. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 151-165
TuomilehtoJ,
ZimmetP,
TaylorR,
BennettP,
KankaanpääJ,
WolfE,
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摘要:
A cross-sectional interpopulation analysis of blood pressure and its determinants was conducted with the data collected during epidemiologic surveys in 11 Pacific island populations from 1975 to 1981. In each of these populations, the mean arterial blood pressure increased with age; the overall blood pressure levels differed among the populations. The multivariate analyses suggest that dietary factors that result in differences in body mass, plasma cholesterol, and glucose intolerance contribute considerably to interpopulation differences in blood pressure. The impact of these differences in effects of dietary factors on interpopulation blood pressure seemed to be uniform, even though the overall levels of each of these three variables differed significantly among the populations. This study of blood pressure data, accrued from 6224 men and 7029 women aged 20-79 years, supports the hypothesis that dietary factors strongly contribute to high blood pressure as well as to interpopulation differences in the prevalence of hypertension. We propose using these data in planning programs for prevention and control of hypertension in the Pacific countries.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720290
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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8. |
Nutritional complications in an infant fed exclusively on homemade sesame seed emulsion. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 167-169
ShohatM,
LevyI,
LevyY,
NitzanM,
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摘要:
A 3-month-old infant was exclusively fed a high calorie homemade sesame seed emulsion for 4 weeks. As a result of the milk content, the infant developed hypermagnesemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypovitaminosis C. Although the mixture was highly caloric and the infant's intake was good, he showed profound failure to thrive. Analysis of the emulsion indicated that this complication was primarily due to the heterogeneity of the emulsion's caloric content resulting from a settling process which occurred after the emulsion was placed in the infant's bottle. This settling resulted in the portion containing the most calories being the last to reach the infant's mouth. These findings indicate that whenever a vegetarian diet is provided to a bottle-fed infant, the potential heterogeneity of the mixture's caloric content, as well as the contents themselves, should be considered.
ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720291
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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9. |
Re: The influence of vitamin supplements of micronutrient levels in healthy elderly subjects. |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 171-172
PowersJ S,
FolkM C,
CollinsJ C,
BurgerM C,
WilsonP,
StockingB,
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ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720292
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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10. |
Hypoglycemia |
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
Volume 8,
Issue 2,
1989,
Page 173-173
HallfrischJudith,
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ISSN:0731-5724
DOI:10.1080/07315724.1989.10738117
出版商:Routledge
年代:1989
数据来源: Taylor
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