摘要:

The erythrocyte magnesium content was determined using two different analytical systems (atomic absorption spectrometry and the laser microprobe mass analyzer) with specimens from 18 patients with normal renal function and from 10 patients with chronic renal insufficiency. There was a good correlation (r = 0.73) between the two analytical systems. Additionally, the laser microprobe mass analyzer was used to determine the aluminum content of plasma and erythrocytes in specimens from patients who ingested moderate quantities of aluminum hydroxide for several months. Results showed a significant elevation of the plasma aluminum concentration, but a normal erythrocyte aluminum content. The laser microprobe mass analyzer may be useful in studies of mineral metabolism in humans.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720053

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The impact of a multidisciplinary Nutritional Support Service (NSS) on the reduction of complication was evaluated in 78 consecutive patients who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the same VA surgical service. Patients were placed into one of three groups (pre-NSS, transition-NSS, post-NSS) based on the evolution of the NSS. A significant reduction in catheter sepsis was observed and was attributable to the establishment of an NSS, specifically, a nurse specialist and protocols for catheter insertion and care.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720054

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of parenteral nutrition on appetite during and after therapy are unclear. Previous studies done in animals, as well as in humans, are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral nutrition on voluntary oral intake of food. The study was done on ten stable patients receiving parenteral nutrition for transient dysfunction of their gastrointestinal tract. For each patient, a calorie count of the ingested food was obtained for 3 consecutive days. Parenteral calories were then decreased without the patient's knowledge. A calorie count for 3 more days was obtained following the day of change. The mean daily oral intake was 823 kcal when the mean daily parenteral nutrition intake was 2,902, providing a total of 3,723 kcal. When parenteral nutrition calories were decreased to a mean of 1,550, the mean daily oral intake increased to 1,396. This difference in oral and parenteral calorie intake was statistically significant (P less than .001). It can be concluded from this data that parenteral nutrition decreases voluntary oral intake of food. It is therefore suggested that if the gastrointestinal tract is functionally satisfactory, parenteral nutrition can be rapidly weaned off, provided oral consumption is monitored to assure adequacy.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720055

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Serum amino acid (AA) levels were determined for 18 cholecystectomy patients who had preserved and immediately utilized G-I function for absorption of 3,000 kcal/day elemental diet. Ten were given 132 gm AA/day; eight were given only 66 gm AA/day. Historical controls were 27 comparable patients who had received conventional hypocaloric intravenous (IV) regimens. Unfed patients' branched chain AAs (BCAAs) + TYR were depressed initially, then rebounded by day 3 or 4. Their glucogenic AAs were still depressed after 72 hours. Complete restoration of the basal pattern required five to ten days. Fully nourished patients maintained basal levels of all AAs on day 1. Every AA rose above basal, some with statistical significance as early as day 2. Moderately fed patients had BCAA depression, but for only 24 hours. LEU, ILE, VAL, TYR, MET, ASP, LYS, and ARG had already returned to basal levels on day 2, while the remaining AAs were much less depressed than in the unfed controls. All fed patients were discharged uneventfully 24-48 hours postcholecystectomy. The positive protein balance and elevated AA levels correlate with enhanced wound healing, host sepsis resistance, and shortened hospitalization.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720056

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Total parenteral nutrition can maintain good nutritional status in selected patients. However, it can be accompanied by serious complications. It is generally agreed that enteral alimentation is more economical and safer. Gut should be used for nutritional replenishment whenever feasible. However, large-bore nasogastric feeding tubes can cause problems. Even fine-bore nasogastric tubes can cause aspiration pneumonia in obtunded and debilitated patients. In some patients it is clearly desirable to have the tip of the feeding tube in the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum. Previously described methods for placement of nasoenteral tubes may be unsatisfactory. We describe a safe, simple, and reliable method for endoscopic insertion of fine-bore nasoenteral feeding tube. We have used this method on 15 patients without complication.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720057

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Throughout adult life, there is progressive alteration in body composition and tissue function. There is loss of lean body mass, notably by muscle, with a gain in body fat. We do not know whether nutritional factors affect these gross changes. In the case of loss of bone density (osteoporosis), however, there is evidence that the process is retarded by raising the intake of calcium and by exercise. Aging also adversely affects tissue function at the level of the whole organ and tissue as well as at the cellular and subcellular level. Animal models show similar age-related changes, and demonstrate further that alterations in nutrient intake or exercise can alter the rate of loss of tissue and cellular function. In addition to the effects of adult aging on tissue function, certain chronic diseases and disabilities are related to aging. These conditions include atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary thrombosis, cancer, etc. Both human epidemiological studies and animal experiments on aging suggest strongly that nutrition plays a role in the onset and development of these conditions. There is a need for more accurate assessments of the nutrient needs of people over 65 years of age. A few selected nutrients are discussed. Studies of energy intake during adult life show a progressive reduction with increasing age, due mainly to reduced physical activity. Vitamin C levels in the white blood cells of elderly women can be half those of young adults; these respond to supplementary vitamin C without evidence of clinical benefit. Nitrogen balance studies suggest that the allowance of protein for older adults is not less than for young. Finally, surveys of elderly in whole populations and in selected groups show that, by the nutritional standards of young adults, there may exist a significant amount of malnutrition in people as they grow old, though we do not know whether this affects rate of loss of tissue function with age.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720058

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a randomized, double-blind, dose-response study, alpha-tocopherol significantly ameliorated symptoms in three of the four classes of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Alpha-tocopherol treatment had no significant effect on serum concentrations of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), estradiol, and progesterone. However, independent of treatment, a significant correlation emerged between temporal changes in one PMS category and changes in DHEA-S concentrations. These results suggest that improvement in PMS severity is not mediated through direct effects of alpha-tocopherol on serum steroids. Androgens, however, may play a role in some PMS symptomatology.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720059

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Age- and sex-specific percentile distributions for mid-upper arm muscle area (AMA), mid-upper arm fat area (AFA), subscapular skinfold thickness, and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness for United States adults (18-74 yr) were developed from cross-sectional data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) during the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1974 (NHANES I). Sample weighting factors were applied to the data to assure the production of the identical data set used to calculate weight-for-height percentiles by NCHS. Smoothed curves developed from the percentile distributions for AMA and AFA are also presented. Arm muscle area and AFA were calculated from the Health Examination Survey of 1960-1962 (HES) which made possible an age-cohort analysis for age-related changes and secular trends. Secular differences were found for arm muscle area for both men and women, while men differed little in fat-related anthropometric parameters. The secular change in arm fat area for women could be explained by the greater amount of fat that surrounded a larger arm, since the ratio of AFA to AMA did not change between the two surveys. Age-cohort analysis revealed increases in AMA with age rather than the apparent decrease observed for the older age groups in the cross-sectional data. Reference values developed from the most recent cross-sectional data are the most appropriate for the nutritional assessment of United States adults, because each age cohort can be seen to display different anthropometric characteristics as well as age-related changes in these parameters.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1984.10720060

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor