ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718443

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718444

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718445

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nutrient composition of dry beans makes them ideally suited to meet two major dietary recommendations for good health–increased intake of starches and complex carbohydrates and decreased consumption of fat. Dry beans supply protein, complex carbohydrate, fiber and essential vitamins and minerals to the diet, yet are low in fat and sodium and contain no cholesterol. Both protective and therapeutic effects of bean intake have been documented. The antinutritional effects of dry beans, while minor, are of interest to nutrition professionals. Dry beans are an excellent way to increase dietary fiber consumption and most individuals can incorporate beans into their diet without difficulty if they do so gradually. Including dry beans in a health-promoting diet is especially important in meeting the major dietary recommendations to reduce risk for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718446

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Vitamin D increases intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption. Not so well known, however, is that vitamin D stimulates the co-absorption of other essential minerals like magnesium, iron, and zinc; toxic metals including lead, cadmium, aluminum, and cobalt; and radioactive isotopes such as strontium and cesium. Vitamin D may contribute to the pathologies induced by toxic metals by increasing their absorption and retention. Reciprocally, lead, cadmium, aluminum, and strontium interfere with normal vitamin D metabolism by blocking renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This is the first review of the role of the vitamin D endocrine system in metal toxicology.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718447

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The role of fiber in tube feeding products has not clearly been defined. While some studies suggest that fiber can increase stool weight and bowel transit time in acutely ill patients, there is less information in stable patients receiving chronic enteral nutritional support.Using a crossover study design, we investigated the effect of 28.8 g/day of a 50% soy and 50% oat fiber combination in 10 medically stable residents of a chronic care facility. Subjects were randomized to initially receive 10 days of either Isocal HN or Ultracal, which are identical in composition except Ultracal contains 14.4 g/L of fiber. After the first 10-day study, subjects underwent a washout followed by a second 10-day study using the other product. Fecal dye markers were used to identify appropriate collection times.Fiber significantly increased the number of bowel movements per day (0.9 +/−0.4 vs 0.5 +/−0.2, p<0.05) and fecal weights (57 +/−31 vs 32 +/−25 g/day, p<0.05). Fiber also caused a significant increase in fecal nitrogen output (110 +/−65 vs 75 +/−74 mg/day, p<0.05) and fecal energy (141 +/−73 vs 76 +/−62 kcal/day, p<0.05). Fiber did not affect fecal moisture, gastric emptying, or intestinal transit time.We conclude that the addition of a combination of soy and oat fiber to tube feeding material is well tolerated, and promotes regular bowel movements without altering the rate of gastric emptying or intestinal transit time.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718448

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Upper body obesity seems to be associated with a better prognosis for weight loss than does lower body obesity. However, the impact of body fat distribution on energy metabolism is not clear.One hundred fifteen non-diabetic obese Caucasians (64 males and 51 females) and 108 Caucasian lean controls (82 males and 26 females) were studied.Body composition was assessed by hydrodensitometry and body fat distribution was estimated by the waist-to-thigh circumference ratio (W/T). Values of 24-hour energy expenditure (24h-EE), basal metabolic rate (BMR), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured in a respiration chamber.BMR, adjusted for differences in fat-free mass, fat mass, age and sex, correlated with W/T in obese males (r = 0.40; p<0.01), but not in obese females. Obese male subjects with upper body obesity had BMR significantly higher than those with lower body obesity (2189 +/−268 vs 1974 +/−141 kcal/day; p<0.01), independently of differences in fat-free mass, fat mass and age. No correlations were found between W/T and adjusted 24h-EE, SMR or RQ in all examined groups.These findings indicate that in obese males, upper body obesity is associated with increased metabolic rate, possibly related to higher levels of lipid turnover in visceral fat.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718449

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Calcium absorption was determined from calcium-fortified diluted orange juice, which contained additional citrate or malate, in 16 normal subjects.Each load of fortified orange juice with additional citrate (OJ+C) contained 300 mg Ca, 5.7 mEq malate, and 33.6 mEq citrate (10.4 mEq of which were added). Each load of orange juice with additional malate (OJ+M) had 300 mg Ca, 23.2 mEq citrate and 16.1 mEq malate (10.4 mEq of which were added). For each subject, fractional (intestinal) calcium absorption was measured by taking the ratio of fractional forearm radioactivity following an oral administration of OJ+C or OJ+M (labeled with 47Ca) and the fractional forearm radioactivity obtained after intravenous administration of trace 47Ca chloride on a separate occasion.There was no significant difference in fractional calcium absorption from the two calcium-fortified orange juice preparations (40.1 +/−8.3% for OJ+C and 40.6 +/−8.6% for OJ+M, p = 0.81).Calcium-fortified orange juice with additional citrate provides equivalent bioavailable calcium as the juice with additional malate.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718450

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The consequences of chronic, low grade lead (Pb) burden from earlier exposure on development of hypertension (HT) and cardiovascular disease is, at best, controversial, even though many epidemiological studies suggest the possibility. Accordingly, we examined ability of a short-term Pb challenge to cause later developing HT in rats.We gave 12 newly weaned Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) a 1% Pb acetate solution to drink for 6 weeks, while 12 control rats drank water. The rats were further subdivided into groups consuming high and low amounts of sugar. All rats were followed for 4 months after cessation of the Pb challenge.Early Pb challenge caused no significant changes in body weight (BW) from controls; however, systolic blood pressures (SBP) of rats initially receiving Pb continued to rise significantly above their respective dietary controls for months after cessation of challenge. While a high sugar diet alone was associated with elevated SBP, high sugar consumers also challenged with Pb had the highest SBP. Protein excretion did not increase, suggesting, along with other evidence, a lack of significant renal damage.Previous exposure to Pb can cause subsequent chronic elevations in SBP.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718451

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To investigate the effects of hypochlorhydria and acidic drink ingestion on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption in elderly subjects.Absorption of protein-bound vitamin B12 was examined in elderly normal subjects (n = 8), and in hypochlorhydric subjects due to omeprazole treatment (n = 8) or with atrophic gastritis (n = 3). Subjects underwent absorption tests of protein-bound vitamin B12 ingested with water, cranberry juice and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid.Protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption was lower in the omeprazole-treated group (0.50%) compared to the normal group (1.21%; p<0.001). With cranberry juice ingestion, the omeprazole-treated group showed an increase in absorbed protein-bound vitamin B12 (p = 0.025). With dilute hydrochloric acid ingestion, there was a further increase in vitamin B12 absorption (p<0.001).Omeprazole causes protein-bound vitamin B12 malabsorption, and ingestion of an acidic drink improves protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718452

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor