ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10738158

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720381

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720382

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To assess the adequacy of a vegetarian diet at old age, the dietary intake (assessed through dietary history with cross-check) of 44 apparently healthy lacto-(ovo-)vegetarians, aged 65-97 years, was evaluated. Adequacy was assessed by a comparison of nutrient intake with (Dutch) recommendations and by evaluating data on nutritional status. The results were also compared with data of elderly omnivores. In contrast to elderly omnivores, percentages of energy from protein (13%), fat (37%), and carbohydrates (50%) as well as P/S ratio (0.63) were close to or within the range of Dutch guidelines regarding a healthy diet (percentages of energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates 10-15, 30-35, and 55%, respectively: P/S ratio 0.5-1.0). For most of the micronutrients studied intake was adequate, and nutrient density of the vegetarian diet was higher than of the omnivorous diet. However, the supply of zinc (average daily intake 8.5 and 7.6 mg for men and women, respectively), iron (because of lower bioavailability of nonheme iron), vitamin B12 (women only: intake 2.3 micrograms/day), and water (daily intake less than 1600 ml for 30% of the vegetarians) need special attention, considering the relatively high prevalence of a marginal status of these nutrients. In conclusion, a lacto-(ovo-)vegetarian diet can be adequate at old age, provided that it is carefully planned, especially with respect to the supply of iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720383

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Level of physical activity has been found to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Because lifestyle and dietary habits are frequently established by early adulthood, we examined the physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, plasma lipids, and diets of a group of second-year medical students. Medical students were studied because of the presumption that they were knowledgeable about exercise and appropriate diet and would have future influence on their patients. A questionnaire which assessed physical activity was returned by 69 (89%) of the 80 students. Over 50% reported no hard or very hard physical activity either during the week or on weekends. Three subjects were smokers. Body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and plasma lipids were assessed in 20 subjects selected at random from the 69. Five of the 15 men, but none of the five women, had greater-than-desirable body fat. Cardiovascular fitness was at least average compared to normal values, but three had hypertension at rest and 12 had hypertensive responses to exercise. Seven of the men had LDL cholesterol above 130 mg/dl and three had LDL:HDL ratios greater than 3. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.5, p = 0.02) between hard/very hard activity assessed by questionnaire and VO2max and a negative correlation (r = 0.4, p = 0.05) between VO2max and percent fat. All 20 subjects reported above average to severe amounts of stress. Analysis of a 48-hr diet record of 22 students showed an average consumption of 47% carbohydrates, 17% protein, and 36% fat. The polyunsaturated/saturated ratio was 0.43.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720384

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationship between age and blood magnesium (Mg) parameters has not been defined. Mg measurements in plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and mononuclear blood cells (MBCs) were made in 104 normal volunteers (43 males and 61 females, ages 11-75 years). MBCs were separated from blood using a discontinuous Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The mean values (+/- SEM) were as follows: plasma Mg 1.63 +/−0.01 mEq/L, RBC Mg 4.55 +/−0.06 mEq/L, MBC Mg content 72.8 +/−1.0 fg/cell, and MBC Mg concentration 19.6 +/−0.3 mEq/L. We compared these parameters with age (intervals of 10 years) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and found no significant differences (p greater than 0.05). Thus, plasma, RBC, and MBC Mg parameters do not vary significantly between the ages of 11 and 75 years.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720385

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Placental transfer of vitamin E was investigated from 19 to 35 weeks of gestation by analysis of fetal and maternal blood samples for total tocopherol, total lipids, and fetal red blood cell antioxidant reserves. Fifty-two fetal blood samples were obtained under ultrasonographic guide by percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Thirteen were from fetuses with gestational age less than or equal to 22 weeks (x serum vitamin E = 0.4 +/−0.14 mg/dl), 12 were from fetuses at 23-27 weeks gestation (x serum vitamin E = 0.4 +/−0.21 mg/dl), and 27 were from fetuses with gestational age 28-38 weeks (x serum level = 0.37 +/−0.18). Total lipid levels ranged from 140 to 216 mg/dl. Maternal plasma vitamin E concentrations correlated significantly with concurrent values in the fetus. There were no significant differences in serum vitamin E levels or vitamin E to total lipid ratio in samples from early, mid, or late gestation in either the mother or fetus. Red blood cell antioxidant reserve on samples from 18 fetuses were grossly abnormal by three different functional assays. On the basis of these data, placental transfer of vitamin E appears to be relatively constant through advancing gestation. Red blood cell antioxidant reserve is uniformly low.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720386

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The mainstay of management for gestational diabetic women (GDM) has been dietary. If it is inadequate to sustain normoglycemia, insulin therapy must be initiated. We studied whether we could prevent macrosomia by insulin therapy based on four daily self blood glucose levels (SBG). Fifty GDM, ages 28-39 years were, recruited to the study. They were divided based on fasting glucose (FBS) level on the glucose tolerance test (GTT): those with FBS less than 90 mg/dl were managed by diet alone; those with FBS greater than 90 mg/dl were immediately started on insulin. The four SBG checks [FBS and 1 hour after each meal (lhpc)] correlated with the continuous glucose monitor with r = 0.91. The women were asked to perform a dipstick for ketones on their urine upon awakening and whenever a meal or snack had been missed. Insulin was initiated when the SBG monitoring indicated that: (1) the FBS was 80 mg/dl whole blood from fingerstick (WBG) or the plasma glucose (PG) greater than 90 mg/dl and/or (2) the lhpc was greater than 140 mg/dl WBG and/or (3) the patient had persistent ketonuria on the prescribed diet which cleared only when the caloric intake was increased to a point which precipitated postprandial hyperglycemia. The prescribed diet was calculated based on body weight to be 30 kcal/kg if the women were between 80 and 120% ideal body weight; or was calculated to be 24 kcal/kg if their weight was greater than 120% ideal body weight. The calories were divided such that 40% was carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 40% fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720387

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes relationships between reported alcohol consumption and selected sociodemographic and health variables. Two hundred and four men and 367 women aged 60-95 years were examined as part of a nutritional status survey of elderly. Fifty-three percent of men and 44% of women reported drinking at least 2 g of alcohol per week. Men were more likely to drink than women, and the level of alcohol consumption decreased with age. Drinking was positively associated with education (p less than 0.01) and negatively associated with recent medical care (p less than 0.01), history of MI (p less than 0.05), and denture use (p less than 0.05). Among drinkers, reported alcohol intake was higher for subjects less than age 70 (p less than 0.01), males (p less than 0.01), the college educated (p less than 0.01), and smokers (p less than 0.05). Level of alcohol intake was lower for those who had received medical care in the year preceding study participation (p less than 0.05). Identical results were observed for alcohol intake expressed as percent of total calories. Intake ranged from 3.8% of total calories among subjects 80+ years old to 6.2% of total calories among 60-69-year-olds.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720388

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A double-blind study on the effects of vitamin C restriction on physical performance was executed with 12 healthy men. During seven weeks of low vitamin C intake six subjects were on a daily diet of regular food products, providing 20% of the Dutch Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for vitamin C (Dutch RDA is 50 mg/day). Other vitamins were supplemented at twice the RDA level. After three weeks of low vitamin intake an additional vitamin C dose of 15 mg/day was provided, resulting in a total intake of 25 mg/day (50% of the Dutch RDA). Six control subjects consumed the same diet supplemented with twice the RDA for all vitamins. In the restriction group blood vitamin C levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Vitamin C restriction had no harmful effects on health, aerobic power (VO2-max), and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). However, an increased heart rate at OBLA level was observed during the period of low vitamin C intake (p less than 0.05), possibly by interference with either catecholamine or carnitine metabolism. These results suggest that short-term marginal vitamin C deficiency does not affect physical performance in single bouts of intensive exercise.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720389

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor