ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718380

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718381

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718382

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Supplemental use of vitamins to prevent disease constitutes a major commercial enterprise in the United States. The efficacy of such use, or even the need for intakes above that which can be supplied by means of diet alone, has been the source of considerable controversy in the medical and scientific fields. Recently published data have given strong support to several of the claims for major benefits of disease prevention, including that of cancer, cardiovascular disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, and neural tube defects, to name just a few. The purported benefits for supplemental vitamin usage are discussed for these diseases, along with a call for a re-evaluation of the underlying philosophy of the Recommended Dietary Allowances, or consideration of their abolition, based on newly emerging data.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718383

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many years ago, experimental medicine accumulated substantial evidence that magnesium (Mg) balance was important for a stable cardiovascular system. Recent clinical interest was aroused by evidence of decreased mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), treated with Mg infusions. Pharmacologic actions of Mg include its antiarrhythmic, antivasospastic and other important cardiovascular effects, substantiating the rationale for its use in AMI. Direct pharmacologic effect of this ion, rather than compensation of hypomagnesemia frequently encountered during acute ischemic injury, has been suggested to account for the above benefits. Several trials studied the efficacy of early Mg therapy in decreasing mortality from AMI while most of the data point to improved survival, a few trials could not demonstrate any benefit of Mg. The reported rate of complications with this therapy is low though the potential for serious side effects exists. Larger studies of Mg in AMI are expected to resolve the existing controversy.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718384

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an increasingly popular alternative to hemodialysis. Nutrition practitioners in the in- and outpatient setting must be knowledgeable about specific nutritional considerations in these patients. In this paper, we briefly review factors which play a role in the malnutrition often encountered in end-stage renal disease, and focus on metabolic abnormalities, nutritional requirements, and nutritional assessment of patients undergoing CAPD. Urea kinetic modeling as an adjunct to nutritional assessment is explained in detail.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718385

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To study the relation of dietary and serum levels of magnesium (Mg) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its complications in relation to noncardiac diagnoses.Case control study in a primary and secondary care center for AMI patients. The study included 460 subjects with definite AMI (n = 335, group A), possible AMI (n = 64, group B), unstable angina (n = 19, group C) and controls with noncardiac chest pain (n = 42, group D). Demographic variables, dietary intake, and clinical and biochemical data were compared. Mean age, sex, body weight, and body mass index were comparable in all the groups.Dietary fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly higher and carbohydrate intakes were lower in group A, B and C patients with coronary artery disease compared to control group D. Dietary consumption of Mg was comparable in all groups; however, in 85 patients in group A (272.5 mg/day) and 17 in group B (280.4 mg/day) in whom ventricular arrhythmias were present, Mg intake was relatively lower compared to control group D (316.6 mg/day). Serum Mg levels in group A (1.66 mEq/L), B (1.65 mEq/L), and C (1.66 mEq/L) were within normal (1.74 mEq/L) limits, but were significantly lower than in control group D.Lower serum Mg in group A, B and C patients was attributed to increased demand during AMI, although in patients with complications (ventricular arrhythmias), Mg deficiency may in part result from relatively lower Mg intake, a hypothesis which requires further study.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718386

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Primary fibromyalgia (FM) is a painful condition, generally treated by analgesic drugs and antidepressants, which has been associated with hyperpyruvicemia and reduced high energy phosphate in muscle. Biological investigations were performed in patients with FM to determine whether this syndrome was related to carbohydrate metabolism impairment.Glycolysis was studied in 25 patients with FM, 10 patients with hypothyroidism (HO), 15 patients with osteoarticular chronic pain (OACP), and 36 healthy controls. Laboratory studies were performed on whole blood (pyruvate), erythrocytes (pyruvate kinase, 2-3 diphosphoglycerate, glyceraldehyde phosphodeshydrogenase, adenosine triphosphate), plasma and serum (lactate at rest and after forearm ischemic exercise, lactico deshydrogenase iso-enzymes).Comparisons between study groups and controls demonstrated increased pyruvate and decreased lactate production in FM and HO; adenosine triphosphate and muscular isoenzymes of lacticodeshydrogenase were decreased in FM only; glycolysis was not significantly impaired in OACP.These findings provide support that FM is associated with biochemical abnormalities which require appropriate metabolic therapy.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718387

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Mice bearing the autosomal recessive mutation wst express a disease syndrome of immunodeficiency, neurologic dysfunction, increased sensitivity to the killing effects of ionizing radiation, and dramatic weight loss that begins at 21 days of age and progresses until death at 28-32 days of age. Because of the reported association between abnormal liver status and weight loss, we designed experiments to examine expression of a variety of liver-specific genes in wst/wst mice relative to littermates (wst/.) and parental strain (BCF1) controls.Animals were individually weighed from ages 21-28 days to determine relative weight comparisons between wst/wst mice and controls. Dot blot hybridizations were set up to quantitate the accumulation of transcripts specific for alpha-fetoprotein, albumin and other liver-specific gene products.These results showed a 67% reduction in albumin mRNA expression in livers derived from wst/wst mice relative to both controls. Expression of alpha-fetoprotein, as well as a variety of other liver-specific genes [secretory component (SC), metallothionein (MT-2), cytochrome P1-450 (Cyt P1-450), transferrin receptor (Tf Rec), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and immune-associated antigen (Ia)], was unaffected.These results suggest a relationship between low albumin expression and wasting syndromes in mice. In addition, our data suggest that the wasted mouse may serve as a unique model for subnormal albumin expression.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718388

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pregnant adolescents have very high zinc (Zn) requirements to support the developing fetus and to maintain skeletal maturation after menarche.Sixty-six adolescents aged 17.1 +/−0.15 years (mean +/−SEM; range 14.5-19.0 years) were recruited from three regions of Southern Ontario at 35.9 +/−0.15 weeks gestation. Data on sociodemographic status, health, infant birth weight and birth length, smoking, alcohol consumption, and prenatal supplement use were collected. Fasting venipuncture blood was analyzed for Zn (via AAS) and alkaline phosphatase in plasma; scalp hair was analyzed for Zn by instrumental neutron activation.Mean (95% CI) values were: plasma Zn 10.7 (10.0-11.5) mumol/L; plasma alkaline phosphatase 46.6 (43.7-49.5) U/L; hair Zn 2.64 (2.52-2.77) mumol/g. None of the plasma and hair Zn values were indicative of suboptimal Zn status. Mean plasma Zn concentrations of subjects (n = 19) consuming a supplement with Zn sulfate were higher than those of subjects consuming a supplement with Zn oxide (n = 18) (12.2 vs 9.7 mumol/L; p<0.02) and unsupplemented subjects (n = 11) (9.4 mumol/L). Plasma Zn concentrations correlated negatively with reported birth lengths (mean +/−SEM = 51.6 +/−0.31 cm) while accounting for chronological age (r = 0.42; p<0.01), but not with reported birth weights (mean +/−SEM = 3.439 +/−0.107 kg).Results emphasize that the form of Zn must be taken into account when considering the impact of prenatal supplements containing Zn on plasma Zn concentrations. Suboptimal Zn status was not prevalent in these pregnant adolescents.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718389

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor