ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719914

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719915

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a double-blind, randomized dose-response study, 75 women with benign breast disease were administered a written questionnaire in which they scored the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms before and after two months of treatment with placebo or alpha-tocopherol (150, 300, or 600 IU/day). Controlling for age and pretreatment scores, alpha-tocopherol had a significantly greater effect than placebo, improving three of the four classes of PMS symptoms. These findings suggest that vitamin E supplementation may be of value in women with severe PMS symptoms.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719916

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of weight reduction on circulating lipids was studied in 17 normotensive, normolipemic obese women consuming diets with differing carbohydrate contents. Ten subjects consumed an 800-calorie, 10-gram carbohydrate diet, and 7 subjects followed an 800-calorie, 70-gram carbohydrate diet. At the end of 12 weeks of dieting, the mean weight loss was 12.3 kg for both groups (P less than 0.001) but not significantly different between the two groups. Serum insulin decreased by 31% (P less than 0.05) and a reduction of 18% (P less than 0.025) was observed in serum triiodothyronine. Serum potassium and magnesium remained unchanged; however, serum magnesium was marginally low for the duration of the study. Only four nonspecific changes were observed in a total of 68 electrocardiograms (5.8%); there were no arrhythmias. The response of serum cholesterol was biphasic, decreasing initially and returning to the baseline by the twelfth week. The high-density lipid (HDL) cholesterol followed a pattern similar to that of total cholesterol. A possible mechanism explaining the changes in circulating lipids is proposed. The results indicate that, in spite of substantial changes in weight, the cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio remained unchanged. Although weight reduction did not alter the risk factor in a group of normotensive, normolipemic obese women, hypocaloric diets should be prescribed under medical supervision, especially when cardiovascular or other diseases coexist.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719917

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Previous studies suggest that growth hormone (GH) may increase daily zinc requirements to meet the demand of growing bone and to replace increased urinary losses. We tested the hypothesis that zinc or copper availability might be limiting factors in the response of children receiving GH replacement. Ten patients with GH deficiency were followed for GH-induced changes in urine and serum zinc and copper during acute (0.3 IU/kg/day×5 days) and chronic GH treatment (0.1 IU/kg/tiw). Zinc was measured in hair collected every 3 months. Zinc sulfate (220 mg/day) was given to half the patients during the second year of treatment. There was no evidence of zinc or copper deficiency, and zinc supplements did not venhance growth response to GH during the second year of treatment. We conclude that GH treatment in children does not alter serum or urine zinc or copper or hair zinc, and zinc supplementation does not improve growth in children with GH deficiency.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719918

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rats were fed ad libitum diets containing a combination of commonly consumed highly palatable snack foods, a commercial stock diet, or had access to both diets for 10-11 weeks. Rats fed snack foods only had elevations in risk factors associated with heart disease and/or diabetes including serum cholesterol, insulin response to glucose, and serum glucose. Triglyceride levels were not affected by diet. Removable fat pad weights (perirenal and epididymal) were greater in rats fed snack foods than in rats fed only stock diet, even though total body weights were less. Liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was not affected by diet, but malic enzyme activity was greater in rats fed snack foods only than in the other two groups. These results indicate that some risk factors associated with heart disease and/or diabetes can be elevated by feeding a diet containing commonly consumed snack foods.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719919

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple procedure has been developed for preparation of animal tissues and diet mixtures for Mg and Ca analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. This procedure involves wet ashing in warm 30% hydrogen peroxide and extraction of metals, from the dried ash, into cold, dilute nitric acid. Less than 200 mg of tissue or feed are required. Measurements obtained by this method for hamster and rat myocardium give values similar to those found previously by more cumbersome methods. Concentrations of Mg and Ca in hamster serum, bone, kidney, and liver are also reported. Recovery of magnesium from bone and heart tissue was 101% and 102%, respectively. For calcium the respective values were 99% and 98%. This procedure is simple to carry out, does not generate corrosive fumes or require expensive equipment. It can be conveniently used to prepare large numbers of samples for atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719920

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Zinc sulfate was administered in a double-blind manner for 6-8 months to cirrhotic outpatients with impotence and/or hypogonadism. Seven placebo and six zinc-treated patients showed mild symptomatic improvement; however, there was no significant clinical difference between the two groups. Serum zinc levels rose significantly in the zinc-treated group but urinary gonadotropin and serum testosterone levels did not change in either group. Zinc sulfate does not appear to be an effective treatment for sexual dysfunction associated with alcohol-induced hepatic cirrhosis.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719921

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of free water diuresis by three different modalities on body 51Cr conservation and distribution was studied in adult male rats. Despite massive diuresis, ADH deficiency had little effect on body 51Cr retention or relative tissue distribution of 51Cr but did induce 25-40% increases in serum 51C concentrations which were reversible by pitressin administration. Glucose feeding produced copious diuresis but no change in body 51Cr retention or relative tissue distribution of 51Cr. The serum 51Cr concentration decreased 23% in association with small increases in serum glucose and insulin concentrations. LiCl administration produced moderate diuresis with little change in body 51Cr retention and inconsistent changes in serum and tissue 51Cr distribution. These data indicate normal body retention of 51Cr despite body water pool turnovers of up to 100% per day. Hence, renal handling of Cr is flow-independent, presumably due to Cr reabsorption at a proximal site within the nephron. However, a marked restriction of Cr filtration by the glomerulus due to protein binding of Cr cannot be ruled out by these data. Differences in body weight, even if assumed to be due to altered extracellular fluid volume, are insufficient to account for the serum 51Cr data. Previous observations in adrenalectomized rats also do not support a role for aldosterone secretion secondary to extracellular fluid volume shifts. Therefore, the increase in serum 51Cr concentration in ADH deficiency may be due to an effect of ADH to promote cellular transport of Cr whereas the decrease in serum 51Cr concentration during glucose feeding is probably due to increased cellular penetration of Cr secondary to insulin action.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719922

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Vitamin D is required for intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, kidney functions, bone synthesis, and possible vital functions in several other target tissues. Active forms of vitamin D are generated by hydroxylations, first in the liver and second in the kidney. The requirement for vitamin D is normally met by its synthesis in the skin. Inadequate skin exposure to sunlight, dark-pigmented skin, and a northern geographical latitude make some individuals susceptible to a deficiency. In the United States, various foods are fortified with vitamin D to ensure that such deficiencies do not occur. As a result, most individuals consume and synthesize more vitamin D than they require. Vitamin D is a toxic compound, and excessive amounts can cause soft-tissue calcification. We have suggested a mechanism by which this calcification might occur. There is a narrow leeway between the amount required and that initiating tissue damage. As most individuals appear to be at risk of obtaining too much vitamin D rather than too little, we suggest that fortification of foods with vitamin D should be curtailed, preferably abolished, that excessive fortification of animal foods be reduced to the level required, and that the use of dietary supplements be restricted. Populations at risk could be monitored closely and counseled to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719923

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor