摘要:

The tenth anniversary for the determination of magnesium in MBC shows progress, but fundamental questions are still unanswered. Uniformity of the methodology for the assay and the units for reporting the result is a key factor for the validity and comparability of results. There is relatively good agreement among investigators for the mean value of magnesium in MBC expressed with three different units. The MBC magnesium results do not correlate with serum or red blood cell magnesium concentrations in humans. There may be a correlation for magnesium between MBC and muscle and between magnesium and potassium in MBC. The correlation for magnesium between MBC and muscle or other body tissues, particularly bone, needs to be defined for the clinical utility of the assay. A number of studies to date suggest a possible clinical utility for the MBC magnesium assay in several disease entities. Thus, the MBC magnesium assay has come a long way in a relatively short time. The future for the assay is uncertain but does hold hope that this relatively simple test can provide useful information about intracellular or total body magnesium status.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720166

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

That nutritional parameters change with age is a well-known phenomenon. Physical activity, lean body mass, and metabolic rate all decline with increasing age. There has been little work regarding the nutritional assessment of geriatric nursing home patients to determine their nutritional status and to focus attention on their nutritional needs. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of the residents of two urban nursing homes. The nutritional status of 227 nursing home residents (mean age 72.2 years) was evaluated using biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Midarm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, weight, height, serum albumin, serum pre-albumin, serum retinol binding protein, and a complete blood count with differential were obtained. The evaluation of this data indicated that there was a 52% incidence of malnutrition. This can be broken down to: 24% hypoalbuminemic malnutrition, 19% Kwashiokor-Marasmus mix, and 9% Marasmus. Twenty-eight percent of all patients were anergic, and 76% of the patients were anemic. In conclusion, there appears to be far more documentable malnutrition than anticipated or previously reported in this population.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720167

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nine patients (4F, 5M) aged 12-17 years with“fear of obesity”were studied with a sequential stimulation test utilizing insulin, LRH, TRH, and L-dopa. The comparative groups were nine female with classic anorexia nervosa, five males with undifferentiated nutritional dwarfing, and nine children (1F, 8M) with constitutional growth delay. The serum TSH, glucose, cortisol, somatotropin, prolactin, LH, and FSH were sampled periodically over 2 hours. Basal T3, T4, transferrin, and Somatomedin-C levels were also obtained. The“fear of obesity”patients did not have any pituitary function changes that were unique. These patients, as well as the comparison groups, revealed a delayed TSH response in proportion to the weight deficit which, when expressed as an integrated response, correlated well to the weight deficit for height (P less than 0.001) and to the ability to recover from hypoglycemia (p less than 0.001). The Somatomedin-C level was low and correlated to the T3 level (p less than 0.05) and not correlated to the elevated Somatotropin levels. The pituitary response to combined stimulation in patients with fear of obesity was determined to be a component of the spectrum starting at normal and proceeding to the extreme undernutrition of anorexia nervosa. Pituitary responsiveness, therefore, changes not as a function of the etiology of the malnutrition, but simply as a function of its severity.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720168

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Magnesium (Mg) is effective in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). In order to determine if patients with PIH are Mg deficient, we assessed mononuclear cell magnesium content (mMg) and serum Mg concentrations (sMg) in 23 normal pregnant women and in 12 women with PIH admitted in active labor. The sMg concentration in women with PIH was 1.74 +/−0.1 mg/dl (mean +/−SD) and was not significantly different from normal pregnant women at 1.69 +/−0.2 mg/dl. Both groups had sMg concentrations lower than in normal, non-pregnant controls (sMg = 1.96 +/−0.1 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). The mMg content in normal pregnant women did not differ significantly from that in women with PIH (1.54 +/−0.26 micrograms Mg/mg protein and 1.50 +/−0.26 micrograms Mg/mg protein respectively). The normal control mean mMg was 1.36 +/−0.17 micrograms Mg/mg protein, slightly lower than in normal pregnancy (p less than 0.005) and PIH (p less than 0.02). Mononuclear Mg content did not correlate with sMg concentration. These data suggest that PIH is not associated with an intracellular Mg deficit. Further studies utilizing other measures of intracellular Mg are indicated to assess the presence or absence of Mg deficiency in patients with both normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by PIH.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720169

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present study was undertaken in order to assess the effects of an acute and purely extracellular depletion of Mg during subtotal global ischemia and/or during post-ischemic reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Mg depletion during reperfusion only or during ischemia plus reperfusion induced a significant reduction in post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function. Mg depletion during ischemia alone induced only a minor reduction in inotropy and coronary flow. Myocardial ATP at the end of the experiment was lowered in the groups of hearts deprived of Mg during ischemia plus reperfusion or during reperfusion only. A secondary finding was the demonstration of positive chronotropic and negative inotropic effects of the removal of extracellular Mg in non-ischemic hearts. It is concluded that, in a minor to moderate ischemic injury as in the present study, acute removal of extracellular Mg may lead to impairment of post-ischemic cardiac function and metabolism.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720170

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Studies were undertaken in conscious mongrel dogs to separate the systemic and renal hemodynamic effects of alterations in serum calcium (Ca) from those of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in an intact conscious animal. Blood pressure was measured intra-arterially, cardiac output was determined by dye-dilution or thermodilution, total peripheral resistance (TPR) was calculated from standard formulae, and renal hemodynamics were estimated by the clearance of inulin and para-aminohippurate. Measurements were made before and after a 2 hour calcium chloride (CaCl2) infusion in 10 dogs (group 1). These animals had previously received a dose of PTH to prevent suppression of PTH during the CaCl2 infusion. Ionized calcium (Ca++) and TPR increased significantly. Blood pressure increased but not significantly. Administration of EDTA did not significantly change any systemic hemodynamic variable in eight thyroparathyroidectomized dogs (group 2). Chelation in seven dogs with intact parathyroid glands (group 3) reduced mean arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. Renal hemodynamic measurements were not affected. Isolated acute elevation of serum Ca++, independent of suppression of PTH, increased total peripheral resistance. Decreased serum Ca++ required normal activity of parathyroids to reduce total peripheral resistance. The renal circulation was resistant to acute manipulation of ionized serum calcium and PTH. CaCl2 infusion to intact dogs (group 1) decreased serum magnesium significantly, increased urine flow rate, and decreased urinary PGE2 excretion. Comparisons between group 2 and group 3 revealed a greater decline in serum Mg and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion in group 2 vs group 3. Elevation of peripheral resistance due to acute Ca elevations was accompanied by decreased serum Mg and decreased renal prostaglandin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720171

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty-four hypertensive women over 40 years of age were given calcium carbonate 1 g/d for 12 weeks after a 4-week period of observation. Blood pressures were measured every 2 weeks. Plasma ionized calcium (Ca++), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were measured twice in the control period and twice in the Ca-supplementation period. Urine measurements included Ca, Magnesium (Mg), Na, K, prostaglandin E2, and osmolality. Blood pressures were averaged to get group means, and these were compared using the paired t-test. For the group, seated systolic blood pressure fell from 141.5 +/−13.2 to 136.3 +/−11.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.025) at the end of 12 weeks of supplementation, and diastolic blood pressure fell from 84.5 +/−7.5 to 81.1 +/−7.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.025). There was no correlation between serum Ca++ and blood pressure. The urinary Na excretion was markedly elevated during the Ca supplementation period: 25.8 +/−14.2 vs. 18.4 +/−7.9 mmol/4 hr (p less than 0.005). These results suggest an indirect (natriuretic) effect as the means by which Ca supplementation lowers blood pressure.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720172

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Carnitine is necessary for the translocation of fatty acids into the mitochondria, and the relative concentration of carnitine and acylcarnitine in the serum are known to reflect metabolic states. A survey of serum carnitine concentrations was made in 54 cancer and 81 noncancer patients for the purpose of determining the carnitine profile. The total carnitine, nonesterified carnitine, and acid-insoluble acylcarnitine concentrations of cancer patients were similar to noncancer patients and within the normal range; however, the acid-soluble acylcarnitine concentration was significantly lower in cancer patients than in controls (6.7 vs 11.5 nmol/ml). When percentages and ratios were calculated for the relative proportions of acylcarnitines, large variations were found to occur among cancer types. The acylcarnitine ratio (the sum of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble acylcarnitine divided by nonesterified carnitine) ranged from 0.17 in leukemia to 0.30 in breast cancer cases. Since the acylcarnitine concentration and ratio are reflective of the metabolic state, the depressed acylcarnitine ratio in cancer patients may be due to decreased production, increased utilization, or increased excretion of acid-soluble acylcarnitine. Elevated concentrations of nonesterified carnitine and total carnitine were observed in two patients, and some of the lowest acylcarnitine concentrations and ratios were observed in advanced cancer cases. The therapeutic regimen and/or the neoplastic process itself may be responsible for the observed differences in the serum carnitine profile.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720173

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many reports have documented the importance of vitamin E for the function of the nervous system, especially of the cerebellum. Therefore, we studied the concentrations of vitamin E in the blood plasma and red blood cells of patients with a hereditary form of olivopontocerebellar ataxia. The concentrations of alpha tocopherol (the principal biologically-active form of vitamin E) in the plasma and red cells of the ataxic subjects were significantly lower than those of unaffected, close relatives as well as unrelated control subjects. Total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in the serum of the ataxia group were all within normal range. The results suggest that this specific type of familial ataxia is associated with a rare and isolated abnormality in vitamin E and/or antioxidant metabolism. The vast majority of previous reports of lower blood concentrations or deficiency of vitamin E in children or adults were also associated with deficits in the absorption of lipids or abnormalities in serum lipids and lipoproteins.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720174

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The results of recent large, prospective clinical trials have established that the reduction of plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in certain hyperlipidemic patients reduced their risk for developing symptomatic cardiovascular disease. Attention has now been turned to both defining which individuals should be treated and how best to treat those patients. Utilizing the concepts of human lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein metabolism that have evolved over the past 20 years, the metabolism of the plasma lipoproteins can be effectively modulated in the majority of hyperlipoproteinemic patients. In addition to summarizing human lipoprotein metabolism, this article outlines a step-by-step approach to the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia.

ISSN:0731-5724    

DOI:10.1080/07315724.1987.10720175

出版商:Routledge    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor