摘要:

For a number of reasons, systems designers have recently shown considerable interest in ethnography. For the most part, this has been used as a method for the specification of end-user requirements for systems. In this article, I argue that most of this interest is predicated in a misunderstanding of ethnography's role in social science. Instead of focusing on its analytic aspects, designers have defined it as a form of data collection. They have done this for very good, design-relevant reasons, but designers do not need ethnography to do what they wish to do. In the central part of this article, I introduce and illustrate an approach to analytic ethnography in human-computer interaction. In the latter sections I take this approach and show how it opens up the play of possibilities for design. These possibilities are illustrated by counterpoising a summary logic of organizational structure such as that associated with the calculus of efficiency and productivity with the local logics of daily organizational life.

ISSN:0737-0024    

DOI:10.1207/s15327051hci0902_1

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

New digital video technologies provide a wide spectrum of multimedia interface capabilities for educational courses running on personal computers. A formal experiment was conducted using a digital video course on code inspection to determine the effects of such capabilities on recall performance and attitude. The findings suggest that the presentation of material as motion video rather than as a slide show within an interactive video course leads to better recall performance. In addition, the presence of motion video in the interfaces and the use of surrogate travel for navigation promote better student opinions toward the subject matter.

ISSN:0737-0024    

DOI:10.1207/s15327051hci0902_2

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of pseudo-code and pen and paper are prevalent within the task of programming. However, few studies examine the use of informal notations or the use of the paper medium. In this article, I offer a psychological analysis of the use of pseudo-code and pen and paper by experienced programmers. In particular, I investigate how such informal notations and the paper medium support the cognitively complex task of programming. The basis of the investigation is an analysis of the notes that programmers make during programming. These notes were collected from eight experienced programmers, who were all programming in different languages with different programming environments. Interviews and questionnaires were used as supplementary data. In the analysis based on these data, I describe the kinds of tasks done using pseudo-code and pen and paper, and I offer an account of why these tasks are done using these particular notations and this medium. This study suggests that programmers use pseudo-code and pen and paper to reduce the cognitive complexity of the programming task.

ISSN:0737-0024    

DOI:10.1207/s15327051hci0902_3

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor