摘要:

Kieras and Polson (1985) proposed an approach for making quantitative predictions on ease of learning and ease of use of a system, based on a production system version of the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules (GOMS) model of Card, Moran, and Newel1 (1983). This article describes the principles for constructing such models and obtaining predictions of learning and execution time. A production rule model for a simulated text editor is described in detail and is compared to experimental data on learning and performance. The model accounted well for both learning and execution time and for the details of the increase in speed with practice. The relationship between the performance model and the Keystroke-Level Model of Card et al. (1983) is discussed. The results provide strong support for the original proposal that production rule models can make quantitative predictions for both ease of learning and ease of use.

ISSN:0737-0024    

DOI:10.1207/s15327051hci0501_1

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A good deal of research in cognitive psychology has demonstrated that, although learners can solve problems that are just like the ones they have been trained on, they often have great difficulty solving new types of problems. People also have difficulty trying to understand instructions or training materials that try to teach a procedure at a level that is general enough to apply to many different kinds of cases. These two findings lead to a quandary for people designing instructions for procedural tasks such as operating computer software: Instructions should be written with a good deal of specificity so that new users can understand and use them right away, but at the same time the user will have great difficulty generalizing what they have learned to novel cases. Experiment 1 seems to echo this quandary. Computer novices, in this study, were able to follow specific instructions for using a word processor more easily than general instructions. However, they had great difficulty generalizing the specific instructions to novel tasks. Experiment 2 demonstrates that when specific instructions are rewritten to help users form a more general procedure, novices can easily do new tasks and still maintain their initial quality of performance. A production rule formalism is used to represent the knowledge users obtain from instructions and to explore the conditions under which these productions can be generalized. Experiment 2 suggests that this knowledge can be used to improve the generalizability of instructions.

ISSN:0737-0024    

DOI:10.1207/s15327051hci0501_2

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A technique based on two heuristic rules for inferring expertise is demonstrated by inferring user expertise in word-processing tasks. The heuristic rules were translated into practice by examining command frequencies and requests for on-line help from the 12 participants in the study who were engaged in personal word-processing tasks. These variables were found to be related to word-processing expertise. A scoring rule derived from these variables ranged from 71% to 87% correct in predicting the expertise of the user. The application of this technique to adaptive interfaces that incorporate estimates of user expertise is discussed.

ISSN:0737-0024    

DOI:10.1207/s15327051hci0501_3

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor