摘要:

SummaryProlactin is a hormone important for the functions of reproduction and has also general metabolic actions. By its action as luteotrophin, the hormone maintains the development and function of the corpus luteum. It has a fundamental role in producing the mammary gland development and milk secretion in mammals, the milk crop secretion in pigeons and doves and the mucin oviduct secretion of toads that maintains eggs for their fecondation. In some cases, prolactin has antigonadal action, probably by pituitary inhibition. Prolactin can awake maternal behaviour in some animals. In these functions, prolactin can act alone and more frequently in association with or conditioned by other hormones.Prolactin and progesterone have a role in the progestational preparation of the endometrium, in the maintenance of pregnancy and in the provision of food for the offspring after delivery.The general metabolic actions are different depending on the species. In birds, prolactin produces a great increase in food ingestion, in body weight and splanchnomegaly (liver, intestine, pancreas and crop gland), increase of respiratory exchanges and some modifications in fat metabolism. In some cases, prolactin has an effect on certain growth phenomena (enlargement of the epiphyseal cartilage of the hypophysectomized male rat, increase of body and visceral weight in pigeons, ...).Prolactin has an action on carbohydrate metabolism. It can develop diabetes in dogs or cats with previous large pancreatectomy. The three diabetogenic hormones of the pituitary gland are : somatotrophin, prolactin and adre- nocorticotrophin. In many cases, prolactin action is conditioned, reinforced or modified by other hormones : sexual, adrenal or hypophyseal. Probably, most of the physiological roles of prolactin are exerted in relation with these hormones, in the regulation of functions that depend on an endocrine equilibrium, in which the action of prolactin is dominant (development of mammary gland, milk secretion, crop milk secretion, etc.) or coadjuvant.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1955.11717349

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1955.11717355

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA case of intoxication with potassium ferricyanide in a 18 years patient is described. The most spectacular effect of this intoxication was a massive renal glucosuria; slight azotemia and transient albuminuria were also observed.Studies of renal clearances and glucosuria have shown, in an initial stage, profound changes in all tubular functions and complete lack of glucose reabsorption. A progressive functional amelioration was noted during later studies. Our results suggest a marked inequality in the epithelial regeneration of the different nephrons, some being overactive. This behaviour is similar to that of the patients with renal diabetes who belong to the second type of this disease (type B characterized by a poor correlation between tubular and glomerular functions of the nephrons).Renal glucosuria is readily produced in the animal by the administration of adequate amounts of potassium ferricyanide.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1955.11717351

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe renal excretion of water, sodium, and potassium was measured together with glomerular filtration rate (mannitol clearance) and effective renal plasmal flow (sodium p-amino-hippurate clearance) before, during, and after elevation of abdominal pressure by the application of a pneumatic girdle inflated at 80 mm Hg. The response observed, in 6“normal”subjects (5 without evidence of cardiovascular or renal disease and I with uncomplicated hypertensive vascular disease) did not differ appreciably from that in 5 subjects with well-established diabetes insipidus.Glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow decreased during compression, as noted in previous studies. Sodium excretion and urine flow fell more than filtration whereas the output of potassium diminished to the same extent. The urinary sodium concentration nearly always decreased suggesting that urine flow fell secondarily as a result of an active increase in tubular reabsorption of sodium (presumably in the proximal segment). The available evidence indicates that filtration falls because a fraction of the nephron population ceases to function and that perfusion and filtration in the active nephrons remain unchanged, apparently eliminating these alterations as possible causative factors.It was suggested that the elevation in renal venous pressure coupled with the obstructive rise in renal pelvic pressure played a primary role in augmenting proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium with a secondary passive increase in reabsorption of water.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1955.11717352

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA case of anuria following administration of Irgapyrin is described.The patient died despite extensive use of peritoneal dialysis. The benefits and dangers of this method of extrarenal epuration are discussed.The poor prognosis of this nephropathy could be foretold by analysis of the different renal clearances measured.The renal lesions observed in this case seem to have followed a prolonged period of renal ischemia.Acute arterial hyalinosis was noted in several organs. These changes are very similar to those elicited by experimental renal failure, and are probably caused by the same mechanism.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1955.11717353

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySome methods of electrophysiological and histological exploration that can be used for the clinical diagnosis of muscle atrophies, are described.The excitability of neuromuscular tissue may be expressed graphically by current-duration curves. These curves are different in case of partial and complete denervation.Electromyography reveals some specific modifications of electrical activity in diseased muscles, and may throw some light on the cause of an atrophy.Histopathological alterations of muscle tissue are often lacking specificity, and are of little diagnostic value, when informations about the state of innervation are not available.The pattern of muscular innervation can be studied quantitatively, by the estimation of the terminal innervation ratio and by the measurement of the variations in size and shape of the subneural apparatuses, which represent the post-synaptic part of the myoneural junction. This investigation has been performed on neuromuscular biopsies stained by original histological methods.The modifications occurring in various amyotrophies are described and compared with electromyographic data.The diagnostic value of a quantitative study of terminal motor innervation in cases of chronic partial denervation is pointed out.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1955.11717354

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1955

数据来源: Taylor