摘要:

SummaryCardiotonic drugs are classified in two groups : 1) heterosides, and 2) alca-loids.Theheterosidesinclude cardenolides and scilladienolides. The chemical structure of each drug is shown as well as the relations between the various compounds presented.Thealcaloidsinclude 1) substances with phenanthrene nucleus extracted from Erythrophleums, 2) indolic alcaloids isolated from Voacanga. These alcaloids are still in the experimental stage of pharmacological investigation.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717140

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryBy oral as well as by parenteral route, the digitalic glucosides penetrate into all the tissues of-the body. They are concentrated less in the heart than in other organs. Their steroid nucleus is hydroxylated in the body. The glucidic side chain may also be progressively lost by hydrolysis. The extent of these two metabolic processes may vary from one heterosid to another. The catabolic derivatives are able to produce cardiotonic effects. The rates of fecal and urinary excretion as well as the duration of action of each glucoside depend on the nature and the quantity of the various catabolites formed by hydroxylation or by hydrolysis.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717141

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of the l.V. administration of digitalic glucosides on the circulatory dynamics of patients with heart failure have been reviewed.In heart failure due to the usual causes (hypertensive, valvular, and coronary diseases), an increase in the cardiac output and a fall in intracardiac and pulmonary arterial pressures have been observed 30 to 60 min. after the injection. The particular types of heart failure liable to be accompanied by an increase in heart output (arteriovenous aneurysms, Paget’s disease, beri-beri, anaemia, hyperthyroidism) present the same haemodynamic behavior.During right heart failure secondary to chronic lung diseases with severe anoxemia, the I.V. injection of digitalic drugs causes a decrease in the right ventricular diastolic pressure and an increase in the cardiac output, even when the latter was above the normal values; this indicates that in such cases, although apparently increased, the cardiac output is indeed insufficient for the metabolic needs of the patient.In constrictive pericarditis, the I.V. injection of digitalis docs not modify to a significant amount the volume/minute and the intracardiac and pulmonary vascular pressures; this test is therefore of interest since it enables to distinguish that which, on a given clinical and haemodynamic pattern, is the result of cardiac constriction or of heart failure.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717142

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAt high doses and in certain experimental conditions, the cardiotonic glucosides influence the ions movements in several biological systems and especially in the kidney. The mechanism of sodium and water diuresis observed has not been clearly explained yet and gives rise to some difficulties in the interpretation.It has not been definitely demonstrated that, at the usual therapeutic dosages, the cardiotonic glucosides produce diuresis through a mechanism which is distinct from their action on renal haemodynamics. This fact partly results from the incomplete and indirect character of present methods for the investigation of renal circulation.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717143

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe authors recall some pharmacological characteristics of various cardiotonic glucosides, especially rapidity and duration of action, and intestinal absorption. From these considerations, therapeutic indications of those various drugs and their common clinical dosages are described.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717144

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDigitalic compounds along with Na-poor diet, constitute the main basis of any maintenance therapy in heart failure. The choice of the compound for such a treatment should be dictated by safety and convenience. Due to their regular intestinal absorption and slow excretion, Digitoxin, acetylgitoxin and gitalin are especially indicated for long term therapy.Dosage should be adjusted to each patient : usually, it is 0.1 mg daily for digitoxin, 0.15 mg for acetyldigitoxin and 0.3–0.5 mg for gitalin.Gastro-intestinal or cardiac disturbances arc encountered rarely and with identical frequency for each of the three componds.Each drug has the same toxicity and potency. The choice is thus mainly determined by the physician’s habits.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717145

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryCardiotonic glucosides are indicated in recent myocardial infarction complicated by paroxystic auricular tachycardia, by auricular flutter or fibrillation, by intense sinusal tachycardia and by heart failure, i.e. in 15 to 50 % of all cases. These drugs are of no use in the common forms of recent myocardial infarct, and definitely contra-indicated in infarcts complicated by auriculo-ventricular block. Although they should be managed cautiously, premature beats and ventricular tachycardia are not absolute contra-indications to digitalis.More than slight differences in action or absorption, it is the physician’s own experience which determines the type of glucoside to be used. The oral route should be preferred if a compound with regular intestinal absorption, such as digitoxin, is administered. Initial doses are adjusted to heart rate and severity of heart failure. Moderate doses (0.2 to 0,3 mg Digitaline daily) arc generally sufficient, but recent myocardial infarction should not preclude larger dosage if this is necessary.The effectiveness of cardiotonic glucosides in recent coronary thrombosis is demonstrated by decrease in ventricular rate (and frequent restoration of sinusal rhythm in cases with ectopic rhythm) in 90 % of the cases, and by improvement or disappearance of signs of heart failure in 75 % of the cases. Failures of digitalis therapy are related to the type and grade of heart failure, for as heart failure itself, they parallel the magnitude of the myocardial injuries.The frequent severity of myocardial lesions thus explains most of the accidents observed during therapy. For the same degree of heart failure, the accidents observed during digitalization after coronary thrombosis are not more frequent or more severe than in heart failure of other aetiologies. To decrease the occurrence and severity of these accidents, anticoagulants should be added to digitalis treatment, as well as diuretic drugs, with addition of K if necessary. Such patients should be submitted to careful clinical and electrical supervision. If nausea, vomiting, bigeminal or polymorphous ventricular premature beats, or any disturbance in auriculo-ventricular conduction supervene, digitalis administration should be immediately interrupted, and appropriate measures should be eventually instituted.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717146

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractToute publication sur lecur pulmonaleexige tine sćrie de definitions préalables nécessairesàla limitation du sujet. Avant denvisager lhémo-dynamique du cœur pulmonaire, puis laction et la place de la digitale dans cette affection, nous serons amenćàpréciser certains concepts

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1963.11717147

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1963

数据来源: Taylor