摘要:

SummaryOn a graph where the ordinales are«Excreted Glucose»and the abscissæ«Blood Glucose», the relation is first (below the minimal threshold) a straight line superposed to the abscissæ, then, (for moderate values of hyperglyæmia) a curve of exponential type, and finally (for high levels of blood sugar exceeding the maximum threshold) a straight line with the formula :Glucose excreted = (Blood glucose−Mean threshold)×Filtration.The meaning of the curvilinear portion has been rightly explained by H. Smith as being due to the unequal reabsorptive power of the individual nephrons.The author of the present paper underlines the reasons why three points of the relation«Excreted Glucose/Blood Glucose»deserve the name of threshold.a)The«Minimal threshold»is the lowest level of blood glucose at which sugar is found in the urine when the glycæmia is raising. This is the level ou blood sugar for which the reabsorptive power of the weakest, nephron is saturated.b)The«Maximal threshold»is the glycæmia at which tho reabsorptive power of the strongest nephron is saturated.c)The«Mean threshold»is the level of blood sugar at which the reabsorptive power of all the nephrons would be saturated if this power were equal to the statistical mean of the actual reabsorptive capacities of the individual nephrons. This«mean threshold»is the value which, in Shannon and Fisher’s formula, must be suhstracted from the blood sugar to calculate glucose excretion.A relation graphically similar tot that of«Excreted glucose/Blood glucose»would be found between the level of the water uphill and the water flow downhill, supposing that, in a water duct with a rectangular section, the flow of water were hindered by a transverse wall, sloping from side to side. The relation would be first a horizontal line superposed to the abscissæ, then an exponential curve, then a straight line with a definite slope.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716542

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe authors describe 2 severe cases of acute cyanide poisoning, treated and cured by injection of sodium thiosulfate.They describe the symptomatology and physiopathology of this poisoning. Therapy consists in injections of sodium thiosulfate, nitrites and methylene blue. The action of these antidotes is explained.Glycosuria which was present in both cases, and which is a clinical symptom of cyanide poisoning, has certainly a renal cause, since there is no hyperglycemia.Although, at this moment, the«seuil d’apparition»of glucosuria (minimal threshold) is lowered, a study of the renal function showed in both cases a normal glomerular filtration and a tubular maximal capacity reabsorption for glucose (TmG) similar to the values observed in normal subjects with the same glomerular filtration. The coexistence of a lowered minimal threshold with a normal tubular maximal capacity for glucose reabsorption may be a characteristic of cyanide poisoning after treatment has been applied or when the toxic condition is receding.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716543

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTwo cases of hypoglycemic coma with neurological sequelæare reported : Wernicke’s aphasia in the first case and global intellectual deficiency associated with a schizoïd appearance in the second.Electroencephalograms of the first case has shown diminishedαactivity in the temporo-occipital regions, more on the left side, several weeks after the comaElectroencephalograms of the second patient was characterized by slowθwaves which disappeared after some weeks. However, four months later, very short hyperpnea was sufficient to elicit generalized slow waves activity.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716544

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA series of 53 adult patients whose treatment had been started one year (or more) previously have been studied. In this group of patients 68 % were still alive after 3 months, 49 % after 6 months, 43 % after 9 months and 35 % after one year.The authors examined whether certain symptoms observed at the time of admission or 30 days after beginning the treatment could be of any pronostie value to determine the chances of recovery with streptomycin therapy.At the beginning of the treatment :One must consider as being :a)fatal : neurologic symptoms indicating focal brain lesions ;b)of poor prognosis :1°fibro-caseous pulmonary tuberculosis;2°marked modifications of spinal fluid (index 7 or above) ;c)of good prognosis :1°no lesions of the lungs detectable by×ray examination ;2°pulmonary miliary tuberculosis;3°miliary tubercules in fundus oculi ;4°no marked modification of spinal fluid.After 30 days of treatment :Persisting fever and psychic disorders are of poor prognosis; the onset of neurological symptoms of brain lesions during this period of treatment is of very bad outlook.The prognosis is also related with the ways of administration of streptomycine. The best results were obtained by ininterrupted treatment during 6 months.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716545

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWhen one wishes to measure with accuracy theœstrogenic activity on vaginal smears, it is necessary to study at the same time the«acidophilic index»the«acidophilic index.»the«pycnotic index»and also the value A/P i.e. acidophilic index/pycnotic index Oestrogenic activity is characterized by the increase of those two values but it seems that they need a different treshold ofœstrogenic activity to be modified. This method makes possible to gain some information on the quality of theœstrogenic reaction and also on the duration of the activity ofœstrogenic drugs. Besides, when the value A/P is higher than 1, acidophilia is abnormal and it becomes impossible to appreciate exactly the degree of theœstrogenic reaction.Monochromatic technics do not permit a comparativo study of these values. They must be discarded. It must be emphasized that polychromatic methods, like that described by Shorr, are not more difficult than monochromatic technics.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716546

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThirteen cases are reported in which decreased respiration in the middle lobe of the lungs was produced by bronchial obliteration of inflammatory origin.In two cases the disease was characterized by total and well localized opacity of the middle lobe.In eleven cases X ray examination showed only those pictures generally described as«fibrosis of the right basis»or as«accentuation of bronchovascular shadows».Bronchography is the best method to study those pictures. It shows a defect in the filling of the middle lobe bronchus or of one of its branches.It has been shown that the disease has its origin in a functional disturbance which is, in the lower lobes of the lungs corrected by the possibility of collateral supply between pulmonary lobules at that level.It was possible, by bronchoscopy, to determine the exact cause of hypoventilation in 3 of 8 cases.In one case localized bronchitis was found, in two others obstruction was produced by adhesive bronchial secretions in its lumen.May be in the five other cases the same factors had to be incriminated at a point that could not be approached by bronchoscopy.No pathological study was possible.The prognosis seems to be favourable, although hypoventilation does not seem to disappear easily when present. Future must be reserved as possibility of later bronchiectases exists.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716547

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA case of pulmonary aspergillosis is described. Clinical and pathological findings are reported. Besides the pulmonary lesions, endocarditis of the aortic valves had been diagnosed in this patient, a man 43 years old. Post mortem examination showed perforation of one of the aortic valves which was responsible of severe cardiac failure observed just, before death.The pulmonary disease looked as pseudo tuberculosis of the lungs.The authors discuss the primary origin of the pulmonary disease. Microscopic findings are described and illustrated abundantly.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1950.11716548

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1950

数据来源: Taylor