摘要:

SummaryThe authors summarize their experimental work on the dog, explain how they alkalinize the body fluids and give their results in clinical application.Alkalinization of the plasma prevents penetration of phenobarbital into the cells and increases the plasma concentration of the toxic substance. Elevation of the urinary pH hinders tubular reabsorption of barbiturate and increases markedly their renal clearance.In clinical application, alkalinization may be obtained by two different methods : 1) isotonic bicarbonate perfusion or 2) hypertonic bicarbonate perfusion. In the latter case, treatment must be given under forced breathing, with precise controls of arterial pH. If the first method can thus be applied on a large scale, the second one requires intubation or tracheotomy and must be applied in a well-organized center.The authors have submitted 121 cases of barbiturate coma to that treatment. Death rate was 1,6 %(2 deaths). Duration of the coma appears significantly reduced.Alkalinization of the plasma and the urine does not dispense from the usual technics of respiratory and circulatory reanimation, the importance of these measures for the treatment of acute barbiturate intoxication has already been stressed by the Danish authors.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717628

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe quite rapid succession of several theories giving to different lipids the principal etiological role for atherogenesis underlines the lack of solidity of the present conceptions of the actual relationship between cholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.This is the reason why the authors think it interesting to investigate once more the problem of atherosclerosis as a biological process. Starting from personal investigations, they consider this problem from the unusual point of view of the incidence of spontaneous atherosclerosis in wild animals.They studied at first the coronary arteries of 300 captive wild animals having died in the Zoo of Antwerp and the aorta of 50 of them. In this material, coronary atherosclerosis is rare and does not involve more than 2 % of the animals. Aortic atherosclerosis seems to be much more frequent and was found in about 25 % of the examined specimens. It should be emphasized that these animals were vegetarians or omnivorous : no carnivorous mammal showed atherosclerosis.On the other hand 70 European and African animals, shot in their natural habitat, have been investigated. Atherosclerosis was found in the aorta of many primates (monkeys and apes) as well as in a deer. Carnivorous animals did not show any trace of atherosclerosis.The authors investigated also 10 forced-fed geese and, despite their turbid serum and a high level of blood cholesterol, no symptom of atherosclerosis was to be found in their arteries.Finally, the clearing factor and the blood of 60 young chimpanzees living in the Medical Laboratory of Stanleyville were looked at. The cholesterolemia varied between 120 and 470 mg %. The activity of the clearing factor showed also a wide range of variability. No relationship can be established between cholesterol level and the activity of the clearing factor on one hand, and age, sex or length of captivity on the other hand.These facts bring evidence that there is no absolute and uniform relationship applicable to every vertebrate species and to every individual in a given species :1) between the origin and the chemical nature of dietary fats and cholesterolemia;2) between cholesterolemia and the development of atherosclerosis.In the opinion of the authors, it is not essentially the nature of the dietar fats, but rather the way they are metabolised in different species and individuals that matters for the development of cholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717629

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of oral administration of G 33182 has been studied in cedema-tous cardiac patients. The diuresis and saluresis caused by G 33182 are quick, considerable and sustained during about 72 hours. Potassium loss was moderate and did not produce hypokaliemia or clinical symptoms. A 400 mg dosis taken two to four times, at 48 to 72 hours intervals, allows complete elimination of voluminous oedema; the maintenance dosage should not exceed 400 mg once or twice a week. Work done by others points to a lower dosis (200 or even 100 mg) as having a maximal diuretic effect. No signs of toxicity were noted at the dosages used.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717630

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIron is necessary for cellular oxydation processes; bound with a protoporphyrin it enters into the composition of cytochromes and hemoglobin molecule.Human body contains about 4 g iron most of which being in hemoglobin.Iron is stored as ferritin and to a lesser degree as hemosiderin in the liver, the spleen and bone marrow.In plasma it is linked with a beta-globulin : transferrin or siderophilin.Normal male looses daily about 1 mg iron through urines and stools. This excretion is not related to the magnitude of storage. Thus normal iron requirement is 1 mg per day. When iron deperdition increases, iron need rises : for instance, in hemorrhages (menstruation, chronic digestive bleedings), pregnancy and lactation. Therefore females need 2 or 3 times more iron than males.Our daily iron intake is comprised between 10 and 15 mg of which about 10 % are absorbed. In stomach, iron is separated from protein complexes and is rapidly reduced in the ferrous form. Maximal absorption occurs in the duodenum, decreasing along the small intestine.The regulation mechanism of iron absorption is not fully understood. Clinical and experimental data show that iron absorption increases in iron deficiency or when erythropoiesis is exaggerated. Inversely, iron absorption is depressed when iron stores are large or erythropoiesis reduced. It is assumed that iron balance is regulated by intestinal absorption.About 1 /1oo of hemoglobin iron (25 mg) is liberated each day since red cells survival time is 100 days. This iron is taken up by marrow erythroblasts for hemoglobin synthesis. Iron plasma level is regulated by the equilibrium between these two processes.Ferrokinetic measurements are briefly described.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717631

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTwo cases of periodical disease with abdominal and plcuro-pericardic manifestations are reported.One must emphasize the fact that in one of the cases no racial history could be found although the disease had hereditary characteristics.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717632

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe authors report a case of arterial hypertension with occlusive lesion of ?one main renal artery.The diagnosis was finally clarified by intravenous pyelogram and abdominal aortography.Normotension was obtained following anastomosis with by-pass from the aorta to the distal renal artery.

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717633

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1784-3286    

DOI:10.1080/17843286.1961.11717636

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1961

数据来源: Taylor