摘要:

AbstractThis paper draws general conclusions from a set of case‐studies presented at two Round Tables organized by the Commonwealth Secretariat. The paper is in two Parts. Part I, published here, deals with the choice of criteria for determining the success of local development initiatives. The approach adopted at the two Round Tables was judgemental. However, an attempt is made to measure ‘success’ more systematically by defining development and classifying the indicators that might be used to measure the achievement of such development as quantifiable, partly quantifiable and qualitative. A set of hypotheses concerning the factors contributing to the success of local development projects was put forward at the Warwick meeting and amended in Livingstone. Part I of the paper classifies the factors contributing to success into four groups: the project environment, the basic character of the project, the mode of project initiation, and project organization and management. Three environmental factors are emphasized: the political environment, local leadership and the history of self‐reliance. Three basic characteristics of a project are of particular importance: the level of beneficiary involvement, the use made of local resources, and the prevailing ‘organizational culture’. Two aspects of project initiation are particularly important: the source of a project and its scale. Five major organizational factors are stressed: the clarity of project goals; flexibility and responsiveness to needs; autonomy and accountability; a ‘learning process’ approach to project planning and management; and human resource development. Part II will discuss the broader implications of these factors in the local, national and interna

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn late 1988 and 1989, the author led a seven country study of NGO activities for the Asian Development Bank. Almost twenty consultants from eight different organizations were involved in the project, the purpose of which was to identify NGOs that were able to contribute to Bank financed projects, and the ways in which any collaboration could take place. The willingness of governments to support the projects was an important aspect of the assessment. During the course of the study, a number of features of NGO operations were identified which are not often reviewed in the literature. These issues, discussed in this paper, relate to the mutual benefits that would flow from greater levels of co‐operation between large donors and NGOs. The paper also discusses some of the difficulties that stand in the wa

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing Swaziland's Ministry of Health as a case study this paper assesses the extent to which the empirical data supports anecdotal information and trends towards decentralized and participatory management systems. Specifically, this study measures the level of participation in decision making and assesses its impact on job satisfaction, measures the level of and analyses differences in job satisfaction by job classification, and identifies and analyses the determinants of employee job satisfaction. Data were obtained from a survey questionnaire which was constructed and administered to 447 employees of the Ministry of Health, a 42 per cent sample, at fifteen representative locations throughout the country. Simple descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques are used to analyse the data. From the analysis, policy implications are developed for designing administrative structures and systems that respond to emerging ‘quality of worklife’ needs, strengthening productivity, and improving the quality of services provi

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study examines the extent to which villagers participated in three projects, run by nongovernment organizations (NGOs), in the Iringa Region of Tanzania. Particular attention is given to the factors influencing participation and to what might be done to ensure participation in village development projects in Tanzania. Data were obtained from interviews with randomly selected groups, the informal comments of study participants and observations, and experiences of one of the study authors in the study villages. There was very little involvement of the villagers in planning and other decisions related to the three projects. While village government leaders were involved by the project organizers, often they did not reflect villagers' views. Low levels of participation were found in two of the projects; agricultural extension and oxen training, with 54 and 78 per cent respectively in the ‘low’ category. While the ‘ten cell’ (local) leaders were responsible for implementing the projects, very few of them had any input into project decisions. Villagers would like to be more involved in project decisions and, based on the group meetings conducted as part of this study, are prepared to get involved in articulating their needs. Suggestions on how this might be achieved are pr

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite its successful expansion over the past two decades, Kenya's Youth Polytechnic Programme1is widely regarded as having failed to achieve its original objectives. The programme was supposed to provide a non‐formal training to unemployed school‐leavers in skills directly related to local income‐generating opportunities. Critics, especially amongst the influential Aid Community, have complained of excessive formalization and an orientation in the polytechnics to certification and paid employment. A recent national tracer study seems to confirm the programme's marginal impact. This paper reassesses the development of the programme, using a framework derived from Sabatier's work on implementation. Taking account of the inadequate premises upon which the programme was launched, the deficiencies in legal structure, the resource overload, and the socio‐economic and cultural environment, the programme's ‘failures’ can be seen as a successful adaption to prevailing pressures and constraints. The real failure has been in the lack of learning from practice, which has prevented a realistic assessment of the programme's impact and potential. Wedded to the programme's initial ideals, the impact of policy prescriptions upon polytechnic practice has been limited, and in some respects even counter

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on two experiences from Colombia, placing agricultural research and technology transfer in the same institution is found to be neither a necessary, nor sufficient, condition for effective co‐ordination between the two activities or improved institutional performance. Additional factors to consider include: (1) the specificity of the problems addressed; (2) the institution's capacity to manage the co‐ordination; (3) status differences and competition over resources; (4) institutional size; and (5) the level of politicization of the technology transfer activit

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is a brief summarization of doctoral research which was recently completed by the author on conditions facing the modern Saudi Arabian woman in her efforts to become a part of the administrative structure of the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The first part of the paper is a brief historical account detailing women's participation in public administration and how it has evolved. The second concerns itself with those obstacles most commonly cited by female administrators as having an adverse impact on their job performance, motivation and advancement. The third and final section provides recommendations to ameliorate barriers and broaden opportunities for women working in positions in public management in Saudi Arabia.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo make microcomputers serve development requires clear vision and leadership on the part of administrators. The assimilation of this technology for government tasks is no longer dependent on cost reductions or computer programmers. Rather, it requires administrators to make an explicit choice of software to integrate hardware, information and decisions. At the operational level this process is not a mere technology adoption exercise and is based on three factors—adapting standard packages that are within the reach of even the least developed countries; information specialists and end‐users jointly determining data structures; and integration of microcomputers into existing administrative functions. A decision support system for district administrators developed in India is discussed. The paper concludes with lessons for first time users so that development administrators, aid agencies and governments avoid costly mista

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230100211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY