ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany developing countries are putting increased pressure on local governments to mobilize resources, especially to meet the recurrent costs of operating and maintaining locally sited capital projects. Local taxes, user charges and voluntary contributions are all possible mechanisms to carry out these efforts. Yet several important issues arise whenever these mobilization instruments are contemplated and evaluated.Several, often competing, objectives must be considered when evaluating fiscal instruments including the ability of the mechanism to raise revenues, its effect on economic efficiency, its equity implications and its administrative feasibility. After discussing each of these objectives, we show how numerous constraints, including those imposed by the political/legal system, administrative structure, the economy and the culture of the country, must be recognized while searching for a workable set of reforms that will mobilize additional resources without doing great harm to the other objectives. The key to these reforms would seem to be incentives or disincentives inherent in the revenue structure. Without recognizing these incentives or attempting to alter them, resource mobilization efforts are likely to go astray.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLocal government came late to Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) and even then was more a response to external events than a reflection of community interests. The first local council experiment, from 1957 to 1958, failed because of rivalry between the colonial powers, Britain and France. Subsequently national political developments set up additional obstacles to the successful functioning of local government. Political conflicts at the national level, reflecting the divisions created by the Anglo‐French condominium, delayed implementation and undermined the administrative viability and democratic quality of local councils. Popular support for and trust in local government has not developed. A system created in haste and altered to serve the interests of competing national elites has not been able to adapt to the needs of local communities. A viable system of decentralization requires a degree of national consensus to be combined with local involvement in planning and implementatio

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral communities in the Bendel State of Nigeria have distinguished themselves in their enthusiasm for community development through self‐help efforts. In addition to their contributions in labour and money these communities also make demands on the government for various forms of aid. Because of the uncoordinated nature of the projects and the demands, the government is precipitated into responses without a thorough examination of the development impact and the priority needs of the projects. An analysis of the characteristics of the completed and on‐going community development projects in Bendel State between 1970 and 1982 shows that the prime interest of communities is in the provision of social infrastructure rather than in improved production which will create wealth and employment. Similar mistakes are made by the government in its total funding and in providing matching grants for projects which have doubtful rationales. The paper suggests that planning for community development projects should involve the co‐operation of the government and the people. The enthusiasm for development should be encouraged but not at the expense of co‐ordinated effort which could bring about the much‐desired even development by sorting out priorities and conserving

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEfforts to employ public corporations in African countries to promote development have had limited success. A major controversy has developed over who is responsible for such failure. On the one hand are those who accuse management; on the other hand are those who accuse government. This study seeks to assess the merits of the contending arguments through an analysis of Nigeria'S Cross River State Agricultural Development Corporation (ADC). There is a strong prima‐facie case against management. It failed to sustain the enterprise; it failed to produce any profits; it failed to give employees satisfaction in their work; it failed to give strong direction to the corporation; it failed significantly to advance the technology of the ADC; and it made little contribution to the community. But, on close examination, it is apparent that management'S failure was a consequence of structural and financial constraints imposed on it by government. Thus, real responsibility for the failure of the ADC belongs with the government. The reasons for government ‘killing’ its own public corporation are partly constraints imposed on it and partly the opposition of its supporters to public enter

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe literature on evaluation needs to be classified into education and training. The latter reveals many difficulties as regards evaluation. Scientific and quantitative methods are not popular. Evaluation appears to be undertaken reluctantly and with the simplest methods. Behavioural objects are rarely even set by trainers. Progress in the techniques of evaluation has been slow, though a good deal of research has been done. The literature is small but growing.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230040312

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY