ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile the administrative bottlenecks presented in this Special Issue appear obvious, perceptions of them are confused with unanswerable questions of organization, policy, procedure, and technology. This leads to contradictory conclusions and the so‐called ‘mysteries of development’. To separate out what we can generalize about from what we cannot, a ‘political software’ approach is suggested, using the common sense steps that a serious, enlightened, and experienced businessperson might take in facilitating a development project. Combining these steps or requirements into ‘the theory of political elasticity’, we can see why violations of them lead to the bottlenecks illustrated in this issue. While reform is difficult, the effort must be made, encouraged by examples of success. The World Bank can play a useful role, if it can insist and build upon the borrower's commitment to reform and use a learning pro

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBangladesh's Second Extension and Research Project, which was begun in July, 1982, was intended to make the work of the country's leading agricultural research institutes more useful to farmers through a ‘training and visit’ approach funded by the World Bank. Information was to go to and from farmers, contact farmers, block supervisors, local research stations, district technical committees, local councils, the Department of Agricultural Extension staff, the national research and training institutes and top officials of the Ministry of Agriculture. Unfortunately, this communication system has not worked as planned, for various reasons: a change in the local government system, lack of cooperation from local councils and the Ministry of Finance, inadequate availability of vehicles and travel allowances, etc. Until more attention is paid to the need for more careful monitoring and evaluation and correction of the weaknesses found, not much improvement can be expec

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVanuatu is a newly independent chain of South Pacific islands populated almost entirely by Melanesians living in isolated rural villages. Since its independence, the government has emphasized rural development to reduce hyperurbanization and increase the agricultural contribution to the GDP. While the Department of Social Welfare and Community Development has the major responsibility for coordinating and supporting rural training centres, it has so far had difficulty doing so because of inadequacies of staffing, budget, policy formulation, authority, and evaluation, among other problems.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Meghna‐‐Dhonagoda Irrigation Project (MDIP) began in 1977 as an effort to reduce the constant threat of floods in the Chandpur district of Bangladesh, to expand agricultural production and employment opportunities, and to improve power supply, communication, social services, and health conditions. With a US $24 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the project was to have been completed in 1983. Unfortunately, it remains incomplete and defective, despite long delays and an expenditure many times more than originally estimated. The project's failures primarily stem from inability or unwillingness of the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) to supervise the consultants and contractors and then to correct their mistakes. However, the ADB could also have played a more useful role in facilitating technical and managerial improveme

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince 1966, the government of the Solomon Islands has attempted to expand road building and to maintain the roads that have been built. So far, however, very little progress has been made because of difficulties of construction, administrative weaknesses, the lack of concern for implementation, the failure of coordination and supervision, economic problems, and conflicts with provincial governments. Because so much funding comes from foreign donors, there is a tendency on the part of democratically elected politicians generally to avoid the difficult questions of implementation, cost recovery, and local responsibility for the upkeep of infrastructure.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the 1980s, the World Bank paid increasing attention to Public Sector Management (PSM), particularly to free‐standing loans for institutional development in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). So far, based upon a recent study of 19 of these SSA projects, more ambitious PSM efforts have usually failed, although modest achievements have been recorded in some countries. The World Bank needs to intensify its efforts, combining civil service reform with strengthening economic and financial management and donor coordination. However, the Bank must constantly assess and insist upon the borrower's commitm

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Nigerian military government set up a panel in 1985 to reform the Federal Civil Service. This panel discovered the following weaknesses, among others: lack of measurable objectives; inadequate evaluations; mismanagement of time; inadequate facilities; disorganization; personnel mismanagement; and overcentralization. It proposed a number of measures to deal with these weaknesses including: decentralization; reorganization; professionalization; more careful evaluations; and appropriate incentives. While these proposals remain unimplemented, structured regular reviews of the civil service should continue.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTerrafrie, a typical African country, suffers from both a balance of payments deficit and a budget deficit. Its economy is retrogressing in real terms because of a number of institutional weaknesses revealed by a recent study commission, including personnel mismanagement, administrative disorganization, slow and confusing decision‐making, lack of monitoring, and legal disarray. These institutional weaknesses are likely to undermine the current Economic and Financial Recovery Programme supported by international lender

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractZambia has economically retrogressed since gaining independence in 1964. While exogenous and historical factors are partly responsible, policy mistakes have probably had a considerable impact, including distorted exchange rates, unrealistic wage levels, careless retrenchment of expenditure, neglect of agriculture, over‐reliance on parastatals, and over‐rapid Zambianization. Reform efforts have so far been unsuccessful. Bottlenecks include the lack of political entrepreneurship, the weakness of public administration, and the failure to build consensus essential for effective implementation.Editorial note.At the suggestion of the author, the editor has combined material from Ravi Gulhati's 1989 EDI case study, ‘Impasse in Zambia: the economics and politics of reform’ with sentences from his 1990 EDI Seminar Report: ‘The making of economic policy in Africa’. Both documents are available from Ms. Edith Pena, EDI, The World Bank, 1818 H St., N.W., Washington,

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230110311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY