摘要:

AbstractThere have long been attempts to humanize the conduct of development by taking into account the mental and cultural constitution of those amongst whom it is to occur. Very largely, these have been unsuccessful owing in part to the conception that has been used of the things of which account has to be taken. In consequence, developmental thought has remained mechanistic and impersonal generally and corresponding problems afflict development practice. Seeing this approach exemplified in the two articles by Rondinelli and Mandel (1981a, 1981b) the author takes issue with it. He argues in the light of experience with health planning and medical practice that fresh attention should be given both to understanding local social realities and to the way in which development work could be related to such realities. In the process the author suggests that the value of the approaches characteristic of social anthropology should be more widely recognized.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndia, as the largest democracy, second most populous country, ninth largest industrial power and fifteenth poorest nation, has in respect of health care to be considered as a special case among developing countries. Nevertheless, the identification in India, as an alternative to national welfare provision, of opportunities for returning social and economic responsibilities for health care to local communities is important for both developing and developed countries. This article outlines and comments upon recent developments in providing primary health care in rural communities in India. It concludes by examining possible parallels between self‐sustaining community health schemes and the search in developed countries for community and personal involvement so as to overcome emergent limitations of professionalized and welfare systems of car

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis case study is based on an evaluation report of a German project for development co‐operation in the field of public administration in the Republic of North Yemen. It describes the history, the efforts and the problems of the project which operated within the framework of the National Institute of Public Administration in Sana'a and in order to understand the project there is an outline of the public administration of North Yemen. The paper also describes the structure of the German side of the administration of development policy, the Ministry of Economic Co‐operation, the German Society for Technical Cooperation and the Public Administration Promotion Centre in Berlin. Both the practical problems of administrative co‐operation and of undertaking evaluation are analysed and a practical approach to evaluation and evaluation techniques is presented for discussion. The paper argues the merits of providing aid in support of training in order to improve public administration, and specifically emphasises the value of preparatory courses which link the educational system within the occupational system of the public sector by preparing university graduates for the profession of public administr

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Solomon Islands became independent in 1978. Influenced by developments in neighbouring Papua New Guinea, a plan for provincial government has been introduced in order ostensibly to achieve more effective decentralization than operated through local government councils. This article describes the successive attempts at establishing local government councils and discusses the present plan for provincial government in the context of experience with local councils. The plan is seen as an attempt at returning power to the people and avoiding the development of a centralized authority serving the interests of those associated with Central government.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes some of the career problems and issues faced by senior level officers of the Papua New Guinea public service. Restrictive educational and personnel policies prior to independence and subsequent rapid localization of the public service have led to a senior level administrative corps that is predominantly male, relatively young and inexperienced. These circumstances provide the context for a description and analysis of the perceived career impediments of 46 senior level officers, including career opportunity deficiencies; inadequacies of management; inadequacies of knowledge, skills, and abilities; lack of opportunity for decision making and implementation; political influence; inadequacies of staffing; decentralization; lack of procedural guidelines and professional standards; and miscellaneous problems. The analysis suggests that the twin purposes of establishing a career service and rapidly localizing the public service have worked against each other and resulted in career problems such as those perceived by the officers. Greater attention needs to be focused on organizational design, interpersonal relationships, and career development in order to reduce these impediments.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe challenge to effective farming systems research is to find methods of system appraisal that maximize the use of existing information and are timely while maintaining a certain measure of accuracy and validity—in other words to achieve rapid rural appraisal. The comparative method for the collection of labour utilization for secondary crops is based on a combination of literature study and field survey. Farmers compare foodcrops of which labour utilization data are known with crops of which the labour requirements are unknown. From the rankings, the labour use of the unknown crops can be derived.The comparative method was applied for cocoyam and soybean farming systems in Nigeria. In both cases absolute labour data derived correspond with relative labour data provided by the farmers themselves. The method, therefore, seems to be a quick, but nevertheless reliable, method by which generally applicable labour utilization data can be obtaine

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230020312

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY