摘要:

AbstractSingapore is an island state with no formal lower tier of government. The network of consultation and mobilization created after Independence in 1959 is now raising important issues of consensus and compliance. Twenty‐five years of continuous one‐party rule offer opportunities to evaluate the working of the mechanisms of integration and participation. In the late 1980s the highly urbanized, multi‐ethnic society is placing new demands on the government, and questions of decentralization and feedback are high on the political a

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present military government in Bangladesh has implemented a number of major administrative reform and reorganization measures. The government claims that effectuation of such measures has led to the decentralization of power and authority to the grass‐root level ensuring increasing popular participation in administration; the achievement of cost‐effectiveness by reducing the number of ministries, divisions and personnel from the public pay roll and by quickening of the pace of decision‐making due to elimination of redundant bureaucratic layers. But the implementation, in reality, has contributed among other things to the legitimization and strengthening of the military government, and a weakening of the democratically organized political opposition. It also enables generalist civil servants to preserve, and to some extent strengthen, their position within the civil service s

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe article discusses the major events and debates that have taken place during the reform and democratization of subnational government in Nicaragua from the overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship to late 1984. Developments during this period highlight five distinct areas of reform that must be addressed as part of any process of state democratization: (a) selection and maintenance of local officials; (b) integration of popular participation; (c) definition of the range of local authority; (d) resources for local development; and (e) relation to other levels of government. These issues are addressed through a discussion focusing heavily on local government during the first 3 years, then on the experience of the newly created regional governments and decentralization beginning in mid—1982, and finally on the early—and quite divergent—experience with the development of zonal government between the municipal and regional levels. The specific resolution of these five sets of issues is part of the development of the revolutionary process in Nicaragua, and will strongly shape the political and developmental significance of the resulting local gover

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThough the literature on decentralization has clarified some issues, it has left unsettled the question of the administrative structure for its implementation: who should take what decisions, and at what level? There are limits to the conventional methods of classification. where answers have been sought in terms of Western experience, participation and management. and a legal perspective has been adopted with decentralization seen in terms of fully elected local governments. semi‐autonomous local governments. or coordinating committees. Rather than stress procedures of participation. the substantive content of decision‐making needs to he analysed. A classification of rural development programmes provides an alternative model for the reallocation of functions within the system of government to meet development needs. The case of district planning in Agra District. India. illustrates the process of decentralization. underlines its composite character. and shows the importance of the budget in initiating reform in the political‐administrative system. Since decentralization is now motivated by different factors than in the past. the requirements of the anti‐poverty programmes will move the decision‐making process closer to the cutting edge of the village level, with even greater responsiveness to demands f

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070414

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230070411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY