摘要:

AbstractDecentralization of a substantial portion of development activity under Indonesia's New Order has been attempted in the context of centralizing civil service reforms. This analysis, based on field observation in two areas distant from the ‘bureaucratic centre’ of Java, South Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara in early 1986, shows some ways in which the structure of the civil service and recent policies governing it have handicapped regional governments in their attempts to develop an apparatus capable of managing decentralization. For example, the structure often leads local officials to prefer rank over technical qualifications in appointments to managerial positions. The analysis also shows how they cope and attempt to maintain their legal prerogativesvis‐à‐visthe central government. In conclusion policy recommendations are offered that would help to achieve a better balance between the New Order's concerns for centralization and decentra

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of urban hinterland centres, known as the Regional Cities Development Project (RCDP), is a key strategy applied by the Philippine government to rectify the country's grave regional imbalances. Yet RCDP has not markedly altered the distorted demographic, spatial and economic growth patterns of the Philippines. Unlike the sizeable body of literature which mainly explains failures of the ‘growth centre approach’ by economic factors emanating from the metropolis‐periphery relationship, this study places greater emphasis on politico‐administrative factors that affect regional city development. The article demonstrates that regional city development in Iloilo City–one of four Philippine secondary centres selected as RCDP sites–is impeded by an elitist, conservative local oligarchy, excessive patronage politics, severe financial constraints, limited managerial capabilities, a low degree of local autonomy, over‐politicization and the impact of an adverse economic environment. Following an in‐depth analysis of the politico‐administrative culture of Iloilo City, the authors present suggestions that in the long run may positively affect the city's d

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParticipatory development strategies are known to mobilize rural resources, but their effectiveness depends on local conditions. This article evaluates the potential importance of three facilitating factors: competing opportunities, development experience, and local leadership. The impact of these factors on project outcome is examined through study of a rural development project undertaken from 1982 to 1985 in southern Thailand. The project used participatory techniques to build self‐guided problem‐solving groups in 21 poor villages. The village groups launched income‐generating, health, education and related efforts that attracted the participation of large numbers of village residents. Comparison of the village project experiences confirms that: participatory strategies are more effective in villages that (1) are relatively isolated from competing urban opportunities (villagers are more prepared to invest their own resources in the community); (2) have prior experience with development efforts and community endeavours (villagers are more open to learning new approaches); (3) hold greater confidence in traditional village leaders and local government agents. When local leadership is not held in great confidence, participatory strategies are found to encourage the emergence of new leadership that can successfully guide project ef

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractManpower planning has in the past relied too much on the forecasting of manpower requirements in an organization or a society. It should be more concerned with gaining a better understanding of people, and how to develop and match their skills to what organizations or societies require. Employees should be involved in the formulation of manpower policy objectives. Manpower planning involves a ‘stocktaking’ of the workforce and its skills; forecasting the future demand and supply of skills; and diagnostic approach so that adjustments can be made to meet organizational and/or country objectives. The essence of the diagnostic approach is in the understanding of the reasons for any imbalance between the supply of and demand for manpo

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe US and India collaborated on a successful institution building programme in the 1950s and 1960s to develop capacity for agricultural education, research and extension. This paper analyses that process for lessons that might bear on efforts to build similar institutions in other countries. India was an especially favourable environment due to the sophistication of its scientific base, the openness of its leaders to institutional innovation, the presence of public sector enterpreneurs to mobilize support for reform, and a food crisis that made it urgent to find new technology. The US did not fund institutional changes that had little demand in India, but it did influence Indian preferences over the long run by creating several mechanisms to exchange information about the American land grant system. These exchange mechanisms enhanced India's capacity for agricultural science and, less often noticed, contributed to the political support essential to new institutions.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is based on a programme being carried out by the Government of India to provide regular in‐service training for administrators. The experience shows that an effective training design is to be based on the requirements of the development paradigm, to improve interaction between government agencies and the public and between agencies themselves. There is need for caution in transposing prescriptions from management, since the nature of the problems, environment and work, all differ. It is also not sufficient to say that the training should improve knowledge, skills and attitudes. There is a need to be more specific in these interventions–how much of each input is needed; for whom and with what objectives; in what manner and by whom; how frequently? The paper argues that the training content for all levels of administrators should concentrate on organizational rather than functional needs. The paper concludes with an outline of a training policy framework for administrative management, and observes that effective demand must be created for such training. The Indian example provides a possible model for developing countries designing training for public administrat

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is a trend in the welfare state which pushes towards unification of public services. The situation described here is the existence of separate public services, alongside each other, not only in the same state but also in the same city. Social divisions and cleavages not only reflect different cultural and social identities, but also rest on such concrete realities as the segregated supply of public services which creates dependency on community institutions. The use of separate public services as a means of nurturing cultural and social separatism is markedly characteristic of two communities in Jerusalem: the Arabs and the Ultra‐orthodox Jews. In addition to a description of some of the public services in these two communities this paper offers an explanation for the perpetuation and the exacerbation of religious and ethnic or national cleavage

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230080311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY