摘要:

AbstractThe rhetoric of ‘needs’‐based planning requires little refining. What must be questioned and recognized are the values of decision makers and the unwritten agendas of those involved in the planning process. Taking the example of some of the integrated rural development programmes (IRDPs) in Papua New Guinea, this paper looks at the way planners and others cast development and information ‘nets’. These nets abrogate indigenous development processes. The ‘nets’ make it easy for development professionals and others involved in planning to follow unwritten agendas and difficult for target groups to articulate their ‘needs’ and to understand what is going on. It is suggested that these problems are not unique to PNG and may well be relevant to ‘needs based planning

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractManaging socio‐economic development according to highly detailed pre‐implementation plans rigidly applied has not had a high degree of success in generating sustained progress in the world's poorer nations. At the other end of the spectrum is the process approach that avoids specifying targets in advance, and concentrates upon building problem‐solving capacity among the people involved. Many international donor and developing country agencies favour the blueprint model, despite its performance weaknesses, for its control and specificity. The process approach is limited by its lack of fit with agency procedures and incentives. This article discusses a structured flexibility approach to development management that integrates the blueprint model's planned structuring of action with the process model's flexibility and iterative learning orientation. This blend provides the basis for the programmatic and financial accountability required to obtain support from donor and developing country bureaucracies, and facilitates adaptive management to deal with uncertain and changing task environments. Case examples from the Caribbean, Portugal, and Pakistan illustrate the application of the structured flexibility app

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvaluating training impact is most productive when carried out by means of in‐country interviews. But such interviewing can be distorted by ‘evaluation hospitality’, and therefore needs to develop a flexible comprehensive ‘evaluation habit’. It has not been sufficiently recognized that evaluating impact not only helps develop a training course, but also has a therapeutic value for ex‐trainees and is an effective form of follow‐up. The evaluation process itself can intensify and increase the extent of training impact and therefore should be an integral part of any tra

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnd user computing requires policy initiatives very different from those needed for computerization in order to deal with the specific issues of initiation, development and institutionalization. Microcomputers provide a service and not goods or savings and require an emphasis on the dynamics of the system, where both strategic issues and operational priorities have to be set. The process is organizational, rather than a technological or a planning exercise. It requires governments to guide the change through deliberate decision making. The objective has to be to obtain the support of users at different levels. In this paper Asian experiences are compared with Western experiences to determine a framework for looking at the process. The limited set of strategies for success have also been identified.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper deals with the pilot case of Dutch technical and financial assistance to the provincial planning board in Indonesia's most western Special Territory of Aceh. With specific reference to the two districts of Aceh Utara and Aceh Tengah, the picture of dependency relationships is sketched for rural peripheries in the Third World. Development planning efforts have not successfully addressed persistent problems, either because they were based upon urban‐biased policy prescriptions wrongly transferred from the northern hemisphere, or because rational‐comprehensive planning procedures were too arbitrarily blueprinted. Focusing upon the latter misapplication, the paper presents a practical working procedure for managing, through five stages, a multi‐annual and rationalizing exercise, such as Dutch assistance to improving regional planning methods employed by low‐level administrative units in peripheral rural regions. There follows a critical review of nine years of Dutch regional planning assistance by comparing theory and practice of three approaches applied to the two districts of Aceh Utara/Tengah. The Dutch lessons learned underline inter‐sectoral programme preparation, institutionalization and training components. A 6‐7 years working procedure for future foreign‐assisted district planning project

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe performance of irrigation schemes in sub‐Saharan Africa has generally been discouraging. This has been particularly true of large‐scale formal smallholder developments. Recently attention has been turning increasingly to small‐scale farmer‐managed irrigation, generally utilizing simple, low‐cost methods of water control. While not yet very prominent in Government planning and policy statements, small‐scale irrigation has been espoused enthusiastically by farmers, non‐governmental organizations and some international agencies. In this approach to rural development external agencies act as catalysts of change, technical advisors, channels for capital funding and intermediaries between farmer groups and other organizations. Although generally limited in physical size and sophistication of technology, small‐scale irrigation nevertheless experiences the complexities inherent in the management of land and water, and of social, political and economic change. Research and development needs are wide‐ranging, and attention to them is likely to be fruitful in terms of increasingly effective rural devel

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090507

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper examines a part of the housing market in the Indian metropolitan city of Bangalore. Some problems of housing finance from the viewpoints of families and of public authorities are indicated. It is argued that it is these financial problems that make access difficult for the poorer half of the population of Bangalore to forms of housing other than inner city slums or urban fringe informal housing. Public housing with its unrealistic standards of service provision, but especially its high initial access costs is not well designed to meet the needs of the majority of families. The paper concludes that unless public housing authorities emulate the private housing market they will continue to play a marginal role in housing in a city such as Bangalore. There are signs that this is happening in India with experimentation in both housing finance and lower service standards.

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090508

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090509

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090510

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-2075    

DOI:10.1002/pad.4230090512

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY