摘要:

AbstractIn describing some of the macromolecular characteristics of the nucleic acids, particularly DNA, and of representative proteins, the following aspects are discussed: computer‐assisted modeling as a useful tool for depicting the three‐dimensional structures and macromolecular characteristics of biopolymers; conformational flexibility in biopolymers; parameters determining protein recognition; and the importance of the three‐dimensional structure of antibodies, enzymes, receptors, ion channels, and proteins interacting with nucleic acids, in determining their characteristic biological functions. Many of the problems raised by molecular biologists concerning the mode of action of biopolymers could be tackled by polymer chemists, because of their experience in dealing theoretically as well as experimentally with synthetic and native high molecular weight comp

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190103

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190104

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrosslinked poly(N‐[2‐(4‐hydroxphenyl)ethyl]‐acrylamide) has been modified by conversion of each pendant 4‐hydroxyphenyl group to its 2‐(4‐hydroxymethyl‐phenoxy)ethanoyl‐L‐prolyl ester. This provides a spacer group which makes the polymer matrix suitable for solid (gel) phase peptide synthesis with Fmoc amino acids at ultra‐high load (2.2 mmol g−1of spacer‐modified support). The selectively labile linkages incorporated in the spacer group provide for peptide detachment by either mild acidolysis or hydrazinolysis. The products of hydrazinolysis of intermediate and final peptide‐matrix assemblies are amenable to analysis by high‐pressure

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190105

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract2, 4‐Dinitrophenyl‐L‐phenylalanine has been coupled to L‐, D‐, and DL‐amino acid phenyl esters pendant upon a polymer matrix. The esters had been prepared by di‐isopropylcarbodiimide‐mediated condensation, catalyzed by 4‐dimethylaminopyridine. Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), using elution solvents consisting of 10 vol.‐% trifluoroacetic acid in water/acetonitrile mixtures, has been used to investigate the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl L‐L and L‐D dipeptide mixtures obtained on hydrazinolysis of each of the dipeptide‐matrix assemblies. ‘Hydrazinolysis‐HPLC’ has been used also to determine intermediate peptide homogeneity in ultra‐high load solid (gel) phase synthesis with Boc amino acids. Cross‐linked poly(N‐[2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acrylamide) and two derived polymers incorporating spacer groups have been used as supports. The spacer groups made possible peptide C‐terminal attachment by either HF‐labile benzyl ester or HF‐labile cyclohexyl ester bonds, while still incorporating the phenolic ester lin

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190106

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immobilization of whole microbial cells has become an important tool in the development of biocatalytic processes in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Not only dead, i.e. non growing cells, but recently with higher priority living and growing cells are the biological species, for which simple and efficient polymeric carriers had to be found. In comparison to other methods, like adsorption or encapsulation, entrapment into a polymer network is the most widely used technique. The network can be formed on the basis of a)ionic interactions (ionotropic gelation of polyelectrolytes), b) of polycondensation reactions (epoxides, polyurethanes, silicones) or c) of polymerization reactions (crosslinking polymerization of vinylic monomers, oligomers or polymers). The characteristic features and the efficiency‐controlling parameters of some immobilized cells systems are discussed as illustrative example

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190107

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new group of synthetic macromolecular conjugates was synthesised in which poly(Lys) or a branched polypeptide poly[Lys‐(DL‐Alam)] (m≅3) were used as carrier and 4‐(ethoxymethylene)‐2–phenyl–5 (4H)‐oxazolone as hapten. These conjugates were characterized by amino acid analysis, identification of terminal residues of the side chain, sedimentation analysis. The conformation of conjugates and of carrier polypeptides were analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy in water solutions at various pH and ionic strengths. These data indicated a marked dependence of the conformation of the conjugate on the structure of carrier and on the number of the side chain terminal haptens (phOx). In vitro cytotoxicity of these polymers was also investigated using two different assays, by measuring the viability of isolated rat liver cells and the effect on growth of HeLa cells. Toxicity of polypeptides could be diminished by conjugates containing a higher amount of oxazolone. These conjugates with defined conformation and toxicological properties are considered suitable to analyse the carrier function of branched polypeptides, particularly the interaction with the immuno

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190108

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development and use of a gel entrapment technique designed for the immobilization of viable, sensitive cells is described. The method is based on the controlled chemical cross‐linking of prepolymerized, linear polyacrylamide partially substituted with acylhydrazide groups, by glyoxal. The methodology, applications and advantages of this technique for the immobilization of cells and enzymes by gel entrapment are reviewe

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190109

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190110

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAffinity chromatography is the most selective chromatographic method for the purification of biologically active materials. It is based on the biospecific interaction of the substrates with a ligand, which is chemically immobilized onto a suitable matrix (support). Different matrices provided by natural and synthetic polymers are used for the preparation of affinity supports. In this communication we describe and compare the properties of various supports based on polysaccharides, polyacrylamides and inorganic materials. In particular, we discuss the utility of different silica derivatives (especially primary hydroxyl silica) for the immobilization of ligands and high‐performance affinity chromatograph

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190111

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new polymeric material was prepared from polystyrene beads with N‐substituted amidines and rendered hydrophilic with sulfonate and N‐hydroxyethylsulfamoyl groups. It was synthesized by reacting the p‐chlorosulfonyl polystyrene with ethanolamine followed by the Michael‐like addition of the terminal OH of the polymer (PSEa) to N‐t‐butyl‐N'‐phenylpropenamidine 1 thus leading to the final polymer PSEaAm. Its affinity constant for human α‐thrombin calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherms was about 106M−1, a value comparable to the one estimated for polystyrene modified with L‐arginine methyl ester. This new material was used as stationary phase in affinity chromatography of thrombin confirming a strong and specific interaction between the positively charged amidinium groups and the enzyme at pH = 7.4 and desorption at pH = 10 a

ISSN:0258-0322    

DOI:10.1002/masy.19880190112

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY