ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper estimates the number of workers in the United States who were occupationally exposed to asbestos during and after World War II and assesses the impact of this exposure on overall cancer mortality. The results suggest that over half of the estimated 7–8 million potentially exposed workers employed between 1940 and 1970 may still be alive and at risk of dying from some form of asbestos‐related cancer. While the maximum number of excess cancer deaths associated with this occupational exposure is likely to occur sometime in this decade, such deaths will continue to be seen for many years thereafter. At their peak, these deaths may account for an estimated 3% of the annual cancer death toll, with an associated range of 1.4

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years, benefit‐cost analysis has been increasingly applied to large societal decision problems (such as developing a fast breeder energy economy) which involve both risks to society and analysis of very long‐term consequences possibly extending over many human generations. This paper examines the philosophical underpinnings of the technique which is a special case of utilitarianism, and compares implications of the technique to those arising from alternative ethical systems in analyzing questions of public safety. Ethical systems which emphasize the good of the whole, such as utilitarianism, are shown to differ sharply in decision outcomes from those which emphasize the rights of the individual, such as libertarianism. It is suggested that benefit‐cost analysis should be broadened to include alternative weightings of benefits and costs consistent with a variety of ethical

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comparison of the costs and benefits of 57 lifesaving programs reveals striking disparities across agencies and programs in cost/life saved and even greater disparities in cost/life‐year saved. Within a broad range the monetary value assigned to the benefits of averting a death usually does not alter the policy implications of the analyses. The findings suggest that despite the substantial disagreements and uncertainties in the theory and practice of valuing lives, careful quantitative analysis can be helpful in setting health, safety, and environmental prioritie

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY