ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A national symposium of risk communication practitioners and researchers was held in 1994 to discuss next steps to improve government agencies’risk communication practices. The symposium focused on three issues which a survey of researchers and practitioners indicated were priorities for risk communication research: integrating outside concerns into agency decision‐making; communicating with communities of different races, ethnic backgrounds and incomes; and evaluation of risk communication. There are indications that the working assumptions underlying these issues are shifting in several distinctive ways. For example, a shift from simply communicating risk to forging partnerships with communities was clearly evident throughout the symposium. Communicating with different social, ethnic, and racial groups gained recognition as a vital component of the risk communication research agenda. Agencies themselves should be the subject of study, according to many symposium participants who were concerned less about the so‐called irrationality of the public and more about the reluctance of agencies to encourage risk communic

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the increased interest in risk communication among government agencies, there is evidence that agencies’risk communication practices lag. We conducted a study to explore which risk communication research would be most important to improve government agencies’risk communication practices. Qualitative interviews and a survey of 145 risk communication experts based in academic institutions and government agencies explored how important research on each of 48 topics would be to improving agencies’risk communication efforts. Respondents identified topics within three areas as priorities for further research: 1) involving communities in agency decisionmaking; 2) communicating with communities of different races, ethnic backgrounds, and incomes; and 3) evaluating risk communication. Both practitioners and researchers responded to additional statements about agencies’risk communication practices with reservations about staff and managers’commitment to effective communication about environmental issues. We discuss the implications of these

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the past twenty years, risk communication researchers and practitioners have learned some lessons, often at considerable personal price. For the most part, the mistakes that they have made have been natural, even intelligent ones. As a result, the same pitfalls may tempt newcomers to the field. This essay offers a personal (even confessional) history of the field over this period. It identifies a series of developmental stages. Progress through the stages involves consolidating the skills needed to execute it and learning its limitations. Knowing about their existence might speed the learning process and alert one to how much there still is to learn.

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Citizen Advisory Committees (CACs) are being used in increasing numbers to provide public input into environmental policy and management decisions. While there is a large body of literature consisting of guidelines for establishing and running CACs, the body of literature of empirical evaluations of CACs is markedly smaller. Fourteen empirical studies of CACs involved in environmental policy decisions (spanning the period from 1976 to 1994) are reviewed here, including case studies, large‐scale surveys, and consultant reports. For each study consideration is given to the methods of study, the issues considered by the CACs, the organizations advised, the definitions of success used in the study, and the suggested factors contributing to the success, or lack of success, experienced by the CACs. The review shows that the influence of CACs on policy outcomes have varied from case to case, with some accomplishing little and others having significant policy impacts. The increased use of CACs by government and industry presents an excellent opportunity for academics and practitioners to strengthen their understanding of the internal processes and capabilities of CACs through comparative evaluation researc

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The risk communication practitioner in a government agency has two essential, interdependent tasks. One is to help develop and monitor effective communication programs with various external public audiences. The other task is to do the same thing for the senior government managers whose support is a prerequisite to addressing the first audience. Hence, the second audience–the manager–is really the first. This paper addresses ways in which communication practitioners can satisfy this crucial audience. A profile of these managers suggests that they would find it highly beneficial to have more control over the public problems they encounter, especially in view of the growing pressures to do more with less and demonstrate “customer satisfaction.” They would rather avoid crises than manage them. And they would rather have their bosses praise their successes than challenge their budgets or punish their perceived difficulties or failures. Communication practitioners who can help them attain such benefits will find their efforts in great demand. They would be helpful team members who provide timely insights that can make and show agency success. We offer ten ways for communication practitioners to be more useful which focus their current strengths on satisfying senior managers’needs by becoming more valuable members of the program team. By becoming more useful to the senior manager they serve both the agency and it

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Risk communication is being characterized as one way of facilitating more effective, democratic and participatory risk management strategies. An emphasis on formal communication approaches as a means to improve decisions and decrease conflict will highlight the challenge of managing hazards within a culturally heterogeneous society. Communication and participatory strategies will be considered successful only if diverse communities can be engaged as partners in the policy process. Because responses to risks are embedded and evolve within broader social environments, achieving the promise of risk communication across a diverse society may not be possible absent an understanding of how sociocultural variables and past experiences shape the exchange of ideas or information in any particular situation. This paper considers the implications of ethnic and socioeconomic variability for the risk communication process, summarizing theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence on the link between sociocultural features and risk responses. Specifically, the factors that define the context of communication may influence: the initial framing of a risk issue, particularly, the adoption of an environmental justice vs. scientific/economic perspective; the perceived importance of various aspects of the decision problem; and prior beliefs about environmental hazards and agencies involved in risk management. Two examples of situations requiring communications about risk are presented and illustrate how these principles could operate in minority or lower‐income communities. A significant challenge for health and regulatory officials will be to engage in an interactive process of information and opinion exchanges that is reasonable and effective within vastly different socioeconomic and cultural context

ISSN:0272-4332    

DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY