摘要:

The release rates of freshly manufactured and cold‐stored, fresh Shin‐Etsu diamondback moth pheromone ropes were studied. These rates were identical at 50°C with 100 ml/min air flow for 360+ hours. Gravimetric analyses at the end of exposure showed <1 mg of formulation in the well of the rope with 19.6 and 9.4% of the theoretical amount present in the total rope for lots 69025 and 41104, respectively. Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses showed 0.2% Z‐11‐hexadecenal and 0.3% Z‐11‐hexadecen‐l‐ol acetate reside entirely in the wall of the ropes for each lot and none in the wens. The release rates of freshly manufactured and cold‐stored, fresh Shin‐Etsu diamondback moth/cabbage looper pheromone ropes were also studied. These rates were nearly identical at 50°C and 100 ml/min air flow for 360+ hours. Gravimetric analyses at the end of exposure showed <3 mg of formulation in the well of the rope with 20.0 and 20.3% of the theoretical amount present in the total rope for lots 69024 and 5Y044, respectively. GC analyses showed <0.1 mg of any pheromone component in the well of either lot and overall 0.1% Z‐7‐dodecen‐1‐ol acetate, 2.6% Z‐11‐hexadecenal, and 7.0% Z‐11‐hexadecen‐l‐ol acetate of the theoretical amount in the total rope for 69025 and 0.1% Z‐7‐dodecen‐l‐ol acetate, 1.1% Z‐11‐hexadecenal, and 3.5% Z‐11‐hexadecen‐l‐ol acetate of the theoretical amount in the total rope for 5Y044. Cold‐storage of Shin‐Etsu pheromone ropes for extended periods up to several years does not seem to be detrimental to the release of pheromonal components versus release from freshly manufactured ropes. Release rates of pheromonal components seem to be the same under laboratory conditions for freshly manufactured versus cold‐stored, fresh ropes.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376757

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Organic contaminants present in drinking water sources can change the water electrodynamic characteristics significantly. Such change may complicate the coagulation processes. Zeta potential analysis based on coagulation tests indicated that the trend of zeta potential changes in the coagulation of organic‐contaminated water sources is different from the classic coagulation process. In this case, the conformation of organic molecules may play an important role. The effect of biological treatment on the zeta potential was also investigated within a biofilter in the scale of 10,000 m3/day. The results showed that the biological process can change the zeta potential of turbidity particles, reducing the stability of the turbidity particles probably through biodegradation and bioflocculation, leading to the improvement of the coagulation process.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376758

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of this paper is to explore the synergistic combination of coagulation with biological processes for drinking water treatment on the basis of on‐site biofilters and jar tests. Three raw water sources in China were tested. Zeta potential was chosen as a major parameter. Experimental results indicated that biological processes can result in significant change of zeta potential of water flow, making the zeta potential of effluent less negative than that of raw water. The observation of biofilm morphology with scanning electronic microscope showed that the biofilm is in the shape of a cobweb and can hold a large number of turbidity particles. The combination of biotreatment with coagulation can enhance process efficiency and save coagulant significantly. Results in this paper suggested that further explorations are needed to determine the best support medium for biofilm growth and the best combination of coagulation with biotreatment in different situations.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376759

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Landfill leachate originating from a major landfill site of Greece was analyzed and changes in its quality over a period of time was investigated. The results show that the leachate contained high inorganic as well as organic polluting load. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged between 3812–6489 mg/l. The organic load was not easily biodegradable and the 5‐d biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) / COD ratio was less than 0.2. The high chloride concentrations constitute a serious threat for the aquifer of the area located at Ano Liosia near Athens. Ammonia was found in high concentrations (1350 mg/l).

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376760

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The degree of utilization of nitrogen fertilizers (30–50%) drives to great nitrogen losses with severe economic and environmental problems. The application of polymeric soil conditioners in soil on the other hand results in increased water field capacity, but increases at the same time release rate of fertilizers, thus aggravating environmental impacts due to underground water pollution. In this work the crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene was used as a soil conditioner with three different levels of degree of swelling. Leaching of nitrogen from three different fertilizers was studied after successive rinses with water in soil columns of a height equal to 30 cm. One of the fertilizers was water soluble (conventional) and the other two were controlled‐release fertilizers. It was found that quantities of nitrogen leached in the conventional fertilizer increased with degree of swelling of polymer. Controlled‐release fertilizers proved to be resistant in increased soil moisture due to soil conditioners, thus resulting in reduced leaching. The nitrogen quantities leached from these fertilizers were about half of those leached from conventional fertilizer.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376761

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The hazardous pollutants, such as heavy metals, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, and Dioxins, are emitted during incineration process. This study is intended to evaluate different factors affecting Pb or Cd emission during combustion of plastic powder and plastic membrane, of which plastics constitute 20% of solid wastes in Taipei. A laboratory scale incineration system was employed with a controller to adjust temperature, fuel velocity and other parameters. The major operation factors for heavy metal volatilization included combustion temperature and time. The results indicate that the combustion temperature exerts a significant effect on metal volatilization. For example, at the combustion time of 5 minutes at 600 °C, Pb emission is approximately 20% of the value initially present in the plastic powder, but it increases to 90% at 1000 °C. Also, metal emission increases with combustion time, until it reaches a plateau. Cd volatility after 5 minutes combustion is much higher than Pb at lower temperatures. The other factors evaluated include fuel gas flow (350–3600 mL/min), fuel N2:O2ratio (4:1 and 1:4), fuel humidity (40 and 60 %), and the addition of Ca(OH)2. Generally, these factors exhibit some degree of retardation/enhancement of metal emission. The X‐ray diffraction test indicates that the bottom ash consists of quartz (SiO2), laurionite (PbCIOH), and calcite (CaCO3). The EDAX(energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray) analysis further demonstrates a much higher ratio of CI:Ca:Pb present in the bottom ash.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376762

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Absorptions of NO by neutral and alkaline solutions of KMnO4were performed in this study to clarify the reaction kinetics. The experiments were mainly carried out under 50°C, which is the common operating temperature for wet scubbers.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376763

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper details the experimental investigation and the methodology of fluid bed incineration of three different oil sludge wastes from one of the major refineries of South India using the pilot plant facility at School of Energy, Bharathidasan University, Trichy. The trial runs conducted in the fluid bed incinerator system show that more than 98 % combustion efficiency and 99 % incineration efficiencies were achieved for all the three types of oil sludge wastes. Moreover the flue gas composition at the stack location, the scrubber sludge generated at the alkali wash water tank and the ash collected at the post combustion chamber indicate that fluidised bed incineration technique is safe and effective way of treating these refinery oil sludge wastes. It is also concluded that the above technique is not only successful in removing toxicity but also providing reduction in the volume of waste to be disposed. In addition, it results in waste heat recovery through optimum steam production at the gas cooler arrangement.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376764

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Textile Dye and Finishing Wastewater (TDFW) from a reactive cellulosic azo dyeing and finishing process was treated by an electrochemical oxidation method using Ti/Pt as anode and Stainless Steel 304 as cathode. The strong oxidizing potential of the chemicals produced when the wastewater was passed through the electrolytic cell resulted in the oxidation of organic pollutants to carbon dioxide and water. Batch, laboratory‐scale and pilot‐plant experiments were run and the results are reported in relation to residence time and initial addition of HC1 and NaCl in raw wastewater. Addition of higher initial amounts of NaCl and HC1 resulted in an improved color and chemical chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The COD was removed by 92% when electrolysis was carried out for 40 minutes at 0.89 A/em2in presence of 2 ml 36% HCl and 1% NaCl. Furthermore, explain in ADMI color units were reduced by 94%, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) was reduced by 92.2%, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was reduced by 100%. At the same time the efficiency of the electrode was about 80 g h‐1A‐1sq.m‐1. and the mean energy consumption was 44 kwh per kg of COD. These results indicate that this electrolytic method could be used for effective TDFW oxidation.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376765

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A survey of the toxicity of soils from the several industrial zones of the Spanish Basque Country was undertaken in order to identify the relationship between chemical contamination and toxicity. The measured effect in the solid and liquid‐phase Microtox toxicity test was correlated with the chemical parameters to determine the origin of the toxicity effect. Results indicate the higher sensitivity of solid‐phase bioassay. In a comparative study with the liquid‐phase assay it was found that due to different solubility of each contaminant in water the test on the extracts represents only a part of multiple contamination. Moreover water elutriation could underestimate the types and concentrations of organic contaminants present.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934529809376766

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor