摘要:

The chemical and phase compositions of four different slags were studied with emphases on the form of Nickel, Cobalt and Copper. These were INCO slow cooled (IS), INCO fast cooled (IF), Falconbridge‐Sudbury fast cooled (FFS) and Falconbridge‐Timmins fast cooled (FFT) slags. The amount of each of Ni, Co and Cu in all the slags was less than 1%. IS contained the highest amount of Ni and Co of 0.57% and 0.21% respectively. The highest Cu content was found in FFS (0.87 %). The form of Co in all the slags was primarily oxide (> 98%). However, significant portions of Ni and Cu (20%) in IF and IS slag were in the sulphide form. Finer fractions (<270 mesh) of these slags were richer in sulphide forms of Ni and Cu (40%).

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376960

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effluent from a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) that was used to treat waste water from a fluid milk processing plant was utilized in this study. After analyzing the waste water for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and pH, a prediction equation for BOD was calculated. This prediction equation can be used for BOD at the 95% confidence interval in this particular waste water.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376961

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field investigations in the Zihe valley near Zibo City, P.R. China, indicated that soil is polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons at concentrations up to 200 g kg‐1dry soil. Total number microbes in polluted soil reached 2.9×107microbial cells g‐1dry soil, and aerobic degrading bacteria concentrations of 106‐107cells g‐1dry soil in different layers of the soil. The most active specious were aerobic heterotrophic bacteria,Xanthomonas, BacillusandHyphomicrobium.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the polluted soil were typically 0.1%, and were sufficient to sustain natural or enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The BAC (Biological Activated Carbon) system was used to enrich indigenous microbes to enhance bioremediation rates in the laboratory experiments. Effluent from BAC system contained up to 1011cells ml‐1, and was introduced to the contaminated soil to enhance biodegradation of the petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicated that the natural biodegradation rate of the petroleum hydrocarbons, 5% in 16 days, is lower than the enhanced bioremediation rate, 28%. The enhanced remediation rate reached 42% in 32 days. The residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil were almost removed in 64 days.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376962

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The goal of this research was the construction of a capillary electrophoresis unit to be operated in the capillary zone electrophoresis mode to serve as a sensor for the determination of soil nutrients such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and potassium. These nutrients are essential for successful farming and also have environmental implications. These analytes can be separated in less than two minutes under the conditions reported here. The results compare favorably with the corresponding data from a soil testing laboratory.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376963

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An analytical procedure for the rapid determination of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of effluents by potentiometry is presented. The procedure can be completed in a much shorter time, in the order of 30–50 minutes, versus 5 days for the classical procedure. Kinetic equations of BOD measurement and the three most frequently used analytical devices for this analysis are included. The design and performance of the rapid BOD measuring device are shown. The measurement vessel consists of two parts, one is a decantation funnel with connections between its wide and narrow parts, and the other is a piece where both a probe and a gas inlet fit, a design which allows the liquid to flow to the probe without entering into direct contact with the gas. The measurement probe in this rapid analytical procedure is the Oxidation Reduction Potential, ORP, electrode, represented by Pt||KCl(3 M),AgCl(sat.)|Ag.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376964

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The interaction of an organism that produces cytolytic substances (APONINs) toward the Florida red tide organism,Gymnodinium breve,is considered through computer modeling. Specifically, the interaction ofNannochloris oculatawithG. brevewas reviewed through the use of differential equations and a computer program called TK Solver 3.32. The differential equations that define the growth of the APONIN producing organism are matched with the differential equation associated with the growth ofG. breveand the rate of cell lysis to predict the interaction pattern and the time required for effective treatment. Obviously, certain boundary conditions or assumptions are involved and these are reviewed in detail. Under the conditions used, the model shows thatN. oculatawould eradicate aG. breveoutbreak in a little less than two days.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376965

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to describe the cometabolic biotransformation of chlorinated solvents at enzymatic level. The major factors considered in modeling included not only the utilization of primary substrate, the cometabolic degradation of chlorinated solvents and microbial growth, but also the induction of key enzymes, toxic inactivation, self‐recovery and the role of energy. Model simulation was conducted in a batch system for trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by methanotrophs, with methane as primary substrate and formate as exogenous energy source. Model parameters were obtained from published literature. Simulation results indicated that the primary substrate donominated the key enzyme production, energy supply and microbial growth. TCE cometabolism resulted in the activity loss of key enzymes and the consumption of energy in terms of reducing power. The function of self‐recovery was able to offset the impact of the toxic inactivation to some extents. Formate as energy substrate can stimulate TCE biodegradation by supplying extra reducing power. The results were compared with the phenomena reported in literature.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376966

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

For advanced trihalomethanes control, the removal of humic acid, which is one of trihalomethanes precursors, was investigated. The smaller the particle size of activated carbon, the more humic acid was adsorbed. It will be presumed that the contact surface area dominates the amount of humic acid adsorbed. Moreover, the humic acid solution was treated with ozone, and the adsorption removal by activated carbon was investigated. The amount of humic acid adsorbed increased with ozonization time. It is assumed that degradation to lower molecular weight fragments by ozonolysis contributed to the increase in the amount adsorbed onto activated carbon. It was concluded that preozonation was effective in removing humic acid.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376967

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chemically modified rice hull was prepared through a single stage chemical reaction with N‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐trimethylammonium chloride. The sorption characteristics of this material were studied under batch and continuous flow conditions. Parameters investigated under batch conditions were different initial concentrations, agitation rates, temperature and the interfering effect of other anions. Maximum sorption of P(V) calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was 9.53 mg/g and this value is higher than that of unmodified rice hull which could sorb only 0.23 mg/g of P(V). Under continuous flow conditions, it was found that the time for 50% breakthrough showed a linear relationship with bed‐depth although it did not obey the Hutchin's bed‐depth service time model.

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376968

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1093-4529    

DOI:10.1080/10934520009376959

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor